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英語(yǔ)四級(jí)新題型考試應(yīng)對(duì):如何高效的瀏覽文章
在文章的瀏覽(即略讀,skimming)過(guò)程中,對(duì)文中信息重要性的判斷可以幫助讀者快速有效地了解段落的大意。在瀏覽過(guò)程中,讀者可以通過(guò)尋找“信號(hào)詞”來(lái)區(qū)分重要信息和非重要信息。以下列出的是閱讀過(guò)程中常見(jiàn)的幾類“信號(hào)詞”。
1.以下詞組提示下文所涉及的重要信息:
The main / important point / conclusion / reason….
The point to note here…
2.以下詞組提示了下文的結(jié)構(gòu)框架:
There are three major reasons…
3.but 和 however表示對(duì)比,常常用來(lái)提示重要信息,例如:
The rising birth rate is not due to increased fertility, but to a sharp decline in the death rate.
4.在文中提問(wèn)可以突出問(wèn)題后的答案,提示讀者答案中有重要信息,例如:
Why is a piped water supply so important? Disease due to contaminated water is a common cause of death in childhood.
5.有時(shí),為了保證讀者完全理解自己的觀點(diǎn),作者會(huì)在文中反復(fù)提出自己的觀點(diǎn),例如:
Death control can be achieved autonomously. In other words, the death rate can be cut without anything else changing.
6.文章的結(jié)論通常是非常重要的,因此,讀者要在文中尋找提示結(jié)論的“信號(hào)詞”,例如:
Thereforethe result
In conclusionwe can conclude
One of the primary conclusions
7.舉例是為了幫助讀者理解某一個(gè)觀點(diǎn),因此,文中的例子不是瀏覽文章時(shí)的重要信息。在閱讀過(guò)程中,以下詞組提示讀者下文是舉例部分信息。
For example/instancelike
Such asthese include
To illustrateamong these are
有時(shí),作者也會(huì)用破折號(hào)或括號(hào)來(lái)提示舉例信息,例如:
The developing countries are dependent on cash crops – sugar, coffee, cacao, cotton.
Precipitating/violent/unexpected factors are those which reduce the food supply (droughts, floods, wars, epidemics)…
在段落瀏覽時(shí),讀者在看到信號(hào)詞后,應(yīng)不斷對(duì)下文信息作出相應(yīng)的判斷,例如:
The main reason for (提示:下文信息重要) the reduction in the death rate in the developing world has been improved public health measures. For example, (提示:下文信息不重要,僅僅是為了用來(lái)證明前面的觀點(diǎn)) in Sri Lanka the death rate was halved over ten years by spraying the mosquitoes which carry malaria. Why (提示:?jiǎn)栴}的答案中有讀者應(yīng)該關(guān)注的重點(diǎn)) is it so easy to cut the death rate in this way and yet so hard to reduce the birth r
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