英語語法詳解 形容詞和副詞（三）

形容詞和副詞的特殊表達法

　　一、形容詞與副詞的同級比較： 由"as(so)…as"引出，其否定式為"not so…"或"not as…as",此外還應注意下列含有"as"結(jié)構(gòu)或短語的句子

　　1. as such：表示上文所指明的事或人

　　He is a child,and must be treated as such. 他是個孩子，必須被當作孩子對待。

　　2. as much：表示"與…同量"

　　Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。

　　I would gladly have paid twice as much for it. 就是價格再貴一倍，我也會愿意把它買下的。

　　He as much as admitted the whole story. 他幾乎全部承認了。

　　3. as many：表示"與…一樣多"

　　I found six mistakes in as many lines. 我在六行中發(fā)現(xiàn)了六個錯。

　　二、表示"幾倍于"的比較級：用twice (兩倍)，four times (四倍)，ten times (十倍)加上as … as 結(jié)構(gòu)

　　This one is four times as big as that one. 這個是那個的四倍大。(這個比那個大三倍。) Our campus is three times as large as yours. 我們的校園比你們的大兩倍。

　　He has books twice as many as she does. 他的書比她多一倍。

　　三、"the same ＋名詞＋as"表示同等比較

　　四、比較級前可用a little, a bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many, much等詞語表示不定量，far, completely,still表示程度或更進一步

　　五、與比較級有關(guān)的特殊詞用法

　　1. no more than …表示"只不過"，"并不比…"(等于not any more than)

　　Man cannot live without food any more than plants can grow without sunshine.

　　人沒有食物不能生存，植物沒有陽光也不能生長。

　　There is no difficulty with this task any more than with that one.

　　這項任務沒有困難，那項任務也沒有困難。

　　2. no less than 表示"不亞于"

　　There are no less than five hundred people present at the New Year party.

　　出席新年晚會的有五百人之多。(出席的人較多)

　　3. not less than 表示"不少于"

　　There are not less than five hundred people present at the New Year party.

　　出席新年晚會的只有五百人。(出席的人較不多)

　　4. more often than not 表示"多數(shù)情況下"

　　On Friday mornings, he comes late more often than not.

　　多數(shù)情況下，他星期五來得晚。

　　5. all the more 因而更加

　　We really admired him all the more for his frankness. 我們更加欽佩他的坦率。

　　6. (be) better off 較富裕，環(huán)境較好

　　7. had better 最好……

　　Come, you had much better have the thing out at once. 來，你最好把這東西弄出去。

　　8. less than 不到

　　The first steam locomotive could have a top speed of only thirteen mph(miles per hour) and the great sailing ships of the time labored along at less than half that speed.第一列蒸汽火車最快每小時只有13英里，那時的大船還不到這個速度的一半。

　　9. little more than 差不多

　　The grain in their barn is little more than that of ours.

　　他們倉的糧食跟我們倉的糧食差不多。

　　10. more than 超過，不止

　　I have waited for your for more than two hours. 我等了你兩個多小時。

　　11. more or less 大體上，或多或少

　　The work is more or less finished. 工作大體算完成了。

　　Most of them came here to near money, more or less Mr.Wang worked for his cause.他們大都來掙錢的，但王先生有點像為事業(yè)而工作。

　　12. other than 除了

　　They imposed no pre conditions other than that the meeting should be held in their capital. 除了會議要在他們的首都開之外，他們沒有提出任何先決條件。

　　13. rather than 而不是，與其…寧愿(rather than表示"與其…寧愿"時，如果位于句首引導句子，有虛擬的成分，相當于"… would rathe than，"所以rather than后面跟動詞原形)

　　Read what interests you; read what you have time for magazines and newspapers rather than novels.

　　讀你感興趣的東西，讀你有時間讀的東西，如雜志和報紙而不是小說。

　　Rather than allow the potatoes to go bad, she sold them at half price.

　　她以半價把土豆給賣了，而沒有讓它們爛掉。

　　Rather than cause trouble, he left.

　　為了不惹事，他還是走了。

　　14. so much the better 就更好了

　　If she will help us, so much the better.

　　如果他能幫我們，那就更好了。

　　15. so much the worse 就更糟了

　　So much the worse for you if you still are absent from class.

　　如果你繼續(xù)逃課的話，就對你更不利了。

　　16. the more…the more(less)"越是……，就越……"

　　六、比較中的省略

　　1. 在as…as中，as從句可省略整個謂語部分，保留主語

　　She sings as well as her sister. 她跟她的姐姐唱得一樣好(省去了does)。

　　2. 可以省去謂語部分，保留主語和be、have等助動詞

　　Susan has done as much housework as you have. (省去了done。)

　　3. 可以省去主語和謂語，只剩下狀語

　　It is not as cold in Beijing as in Datong. 北京的天氣沒有大同冷。

　　4. than從句也可以省去整個謂語部分，保留主語

　　They say that blood is thicker than water, that our relatives are more important to us than others. 他們說血濃于水，親屬對我們來說比其他人更重要。

　　5. than從句省去部分謂語，保留主語和be,have或助動詞

　　The white collar workers earn more than the blue workers do.

　　白領(lǐng)工人比藍領(lǐng)工人掙得多。

　　這時 我們可以進行倒裝，即將than后從句中的be,have或助動詞移到該從句的前邊

　　After all, big changes are relatively easier to make than are small ones.

　　相對來說，大變動比小變動畢竟容易些。

　　The fact is that some drug addicts are much better able to cure addiction in each other than are psychiatrists; some convicts can run better rehabilitation programs for convicts than do correctional officers; some patients in mental hospitals are better for each other than is the staff.

　　事實上，有些吸毒成癮者與吸毒成癮者之間戒癮比精神病醫(yī)生的作用還好；有些罪犯在改造其他罪犯方面比教改人員強；醫(yī)院里的病人與病人之間的溝通比醫(yī)務人員與病人間的溝通還強。

　　6. than從句可以省去主語和部分謂語，保留賓語

　　Grandma gives more candies to her grandson than her granddaughter. 奶奶給孫子的糖比給孫女的多。(省去了she gives candies to)

　　7. than從句可以省去主語和謂語，保留狀語

　　There are more books in this library than in that library. 這個圖書館的書比那個多。(省去了there are many books)

　　She is much better than yesterday. 她比昨天好多了。(省去了she was)

　　Signs of dishonesty in school, business, and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past. 近些年來在學校、商業(yè)和政府中欺詐的跡象比以前更多。

　　8. than從句可以省去主語，保留謂語部分

　　His speed of doing the work was much faster than had expected. 他干此事的速度遠比想象的快。(省去了he或we)

　　9. 有時可以省去整個than從句

　　He is much healthier and happier. 她比以往任何時侯都健康幸福。(省去了than he was ever before)

　　10. 為了避免重復，我們經(jīng)常用that代替不可數(shù)名詞, those代替復數(shù)名詞,one代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)

　　七、隱含比較級

　　有時比較級并不一定出現(xiàn)than，這時通過上下文可喑示出，如：-Of the two oranges, which do you choose? -I like the larger one.這里的larger one是指前邊提到的兩個當中的較大的一個。而且有些形容詞在表示比較的時候，跟"to"而不用"than"

　　1. prior to 較早的，較重要的

　　The task is prior to all others. 這項任務比其他所有的任務都重要。

　　I called on him prior to my departure. 動身前我去看了他一趟。

　　2. superior to優(yōu)越，高于

　　In math he felt superior to John. 他覺得自己數(shù)學比約翰強。