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英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解--ING分詞一

時(shí)間:2021-10-30 10:53:46 英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法 我要投稿

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解--ING分詞(一)

內(nèi) 容 提 要

  -ING分詞也是動(dòng)詞的非限定性形式,由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成,在句中可以直接作主語(yǔ),也可用形式主語(yǔ)it來(lái)代替,而把-ING分詞放到后邊;可以作表語(yǔ);作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞有一定的要求,有的動(dòng)詞只能跟接-ING分詞,有的動(dòng)詞則既可以跟不定式也可以跟-ING分詞,而且-ING分詞還可作介詞的賓語(yǔ);在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)對(duì)動(dòng)詞也有一定的要求;作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),-ING分詞要與其邏輯主語(yǔ)呼應(yīng),否則就要用獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu);-ING分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。跟動(dòng)詞不定式一樣,-ING分詞也有它的完成時(shí)態(tài)、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和否定形式;最后我們還要了解-ING分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。

英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解--ING分詞(一)

  第一節(jié) -ING分詞的形式

  -ING分詞是指由動(dòng)詞原形+-ING構(gòu)成的、具有完成時(shí)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一種非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式,具體形式如下

        主動(dòng)形式        被動(dòng)形式

  一般時(shí)        doing         being done

  完成時(shí)        having done         having been done

  就其語(yǔ)法功能而言,它可以作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。

  第二節(jié) -ING分詞的用法

  一、 作主語(yǔ)

  1. 一般形式

  1) the matriculation for postgraduate is probably the turning point of my life.

  [A] Taking the part of [B] Taking part in [C] To take the part of [D] To take the notice in

  2) a teacher is being present at the creation, when the clay begins to breathe.

 。跘] As[B] To be[C] Is[D] Being

  3) by transforming the blame to others is often called scapegoating.

  [A]Eliminate problems[B]The eliminated problems[C]Eliminating problems[D]Problems are eliminated

  2. 有時(shí)可以用it做形式主語(yǔ)

  It's waste of time arguing with the gossip about it.

  It's interesting having traveled to Beidaihe this year.[說(shuō)明:從這句中我們可以看出,這種結(jié)構(gòu)通常適用于名詞和形容詞。但不適用于像possible, important, essential, necessary等表示性質(zhì)的形容詞,這些詞后面一般要跟動(dòng)詞不定式。我們不能說(shuō) It's quite necessary taking part in the negociation.應(yīng)改作It's quite necessary to take part in the negociation.]

  It's glorious getting involved in working out the plan.

  4) It is [A] possible determining that [B] French explorers reached the jucture of [C] the Kansas and Missouri rivers [D] in the seventeenth century.