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高中英語短文改錯(cuò)特訓(xùn)：母語干擾
高考英語考點(diǎn)類析·母語干擾很多同學(xué)習(xí)慣用漢語思維，對平時(shí)學(xué)過的英語表達(dá)方法與英語句式結(jié)構(gòu)、句型和習(xí)語不能正確使用，而是造出一些漢語式英語句子，如：“我英語學(xué)習(xí)不好。”誤為：“I study English not well.”“不要在陽光下看書。” 誤為“Don’t see the book under the sun.”“他乘飛機(jī)去上海�！闭`為“He by plane to Shanghai.”這都是受漢語思維影響而出現(xiàn)的錯(cuò)誤，不符合英語句法結(jié)構(gòu)。漢語負(fù)遷移引起的錯(cuò)誤主要有：
一、“缺頭少腿”類
1. 缺少主語
誤：But was already 4 o’clock.
正：But it was already 4 o’clock.
誤：Yesterday planted a lot of trees.
正：Yesterday a lot of trees were planted.
點(diǎn)拔：除祈使句外，一般情況下，句子都要有主語。
2. 缺少謂語
誤：The new playground in front of the school now.
正：The new playground is in front of the school now.
誤：I often by bike to school.
正：I often ride a bike to school. / I often go to school by bike.
誤：Mr. Li ill. Who will instead of him?
正：Mr. Li is ill. Who will be instead of him?
點(diǎn)拔：任何一個(gè)完整的句子必須有動(dòng)詞謂語。
3. 缺少賓語
誤：He seated on the grass.
正：He seated himself on the grass.
二、“畫蛇添足”類
1. 語義重復(fù)
誤：He returned back yesterday.
正：He returned yesterday.
誤：His English is very wonderful.
正：His English is wonderful.
2. 謂語重疊
誤：There were a lot of people died in the fire.
正：There were a lot of people who died in the fire.
誤：He got up, hurried to the school.
正：He got up and hurried to the school.
點(diǎn)拔：一個(gè)句子一般只能使用一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語。
3. 多用賓語
誤：He dressed his clothes quickly.
正：He dressed quickly.
4. 多用介詞
誤：We must serve for the people heart and soul.
正：We must serve the people heart and soul.
誤：When we entered into the room, the meeting had already begun.
正：When we entered the room, the meeting had already begun.
三、“張冠李戴”類
主要是句子成份用詞不當(dāng)和詞性、語態(tài)等誤用。如：
1. 誤用主語
誤：My work is very busy.
正：I am very busy with my work.
誤：Don’t worry. Your body will get well soon.
正：Don’t worry. You will get well soon.
2. 誤用謂語
誤：The time past quickly.
正：The time passed quickly.
3. 誤用賓語
誤：My parents patted Ah Fu ‘s head.
正：My parents patted AhFu on the head.
誤：I was very glad to hear from her letter.
正：I was very glad to hear from her.
4. 誤用表語
誤：The price of my car is very expensive.
正：The price of my car is very high..
5. 誤用定語
誤：China has a more population than any other country in the world.
正：China has a greater population than any other country in the world.
誤：He has a hot body temperature.
正：He has a high body temperature.
6. 誤用介詞
誤：He works in the farm.
正：He works on the farm.
誤：Don’t read under the sunlight.
正：Don’t read in the sunlight.
誤：The thief fled away to the direction of the coast.
正：The chief fled away in the direction of the coast.
四、“亂點(diǎn)鴛鴦”類
句子成份搭配不當(dāng)常見錯(cuò)誤有：
1. 主謂不當(dāng)
誤：Hunan rained heavily yesterday.
正：It rained heavily yesterday in Hunan.
誤：My hometown has taken place great changes.
正：Great changes have taken place in my hometown.
2. 動(dòng)賓不當(dāng)
誤：We want to see TV this evening.
正：We want to watch TV.
誤：I’m so glad to hear from your letter.
正：I’m so glad to receive your letter. / I’m so glad to hear from you.
誤：I expect that you can help my English.
正：I expect that you can help me with English.
3. 系表不當(dāng)
誤：If I have free, I will help you.
正：If I am free, I will help you.
誤：My dream has become true.
正：My dream has come true.
五、“生搬硬套”類
有些同學(xué)不善于運(yùn)用五種英語基本句式及英語的習(xí)慣表達(dá)方式，采取直譯、死譯、硬譯的方式，漢語詞序+英語單詞，寫出來的句子極不地道，讀來令人啼笑皆非。
誤：He has possible go abroad.
正：There is possibility that he will go abroad.
或：It is possible/ likely that he will go abroad./ He is likely to go abroad.
誤：Welcome you to visit our university.
正：You are welcome to visit our university.
誤：Don’t Luban’s door play axe.
正：Don’t offer to teach fish to swim.
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