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高三英語復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：全面回顧被動語態(tài)的應(yīng)用
一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化
被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be＋過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時
例A new cinema is bei
ng built here．
4） was/were done 一般過去時
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 過去完成時
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般將來時
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8） should/would be done 過去將來時
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
10） should/would have been done 過去將來完成時（少用）
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞＋be＋過去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。
例Someone saw a strange
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