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第76講:blame game; negative campaigning
美國(guó)選民每四年不僅要選舉一位總統(tǒng),而且還要選舉四百三十五名國(guó)會(huì)議員、至少三十三名參議員以及在州一級(jí)和基層的許多官員。在競(jìng)選的過(guò)程中,每個(gè)候選人為了當(dāng)選總是想方設(shè)法地抬高自己,貶低別人。他們用的策略之一就是:blame game。
Blame是責(zé)怪或指責(zé)的意思,game在這里是指策略或手法。Blame game是候選人把造成某些社會(huì)問(wèn)題的責(zé)任推到競(jìng)選對(duì)手身上去的手法,那怕他明明知道這是他自己的責(zé)任。下面這位候選人對(duì)選民說(shuō)的話(huà)就是個(gè)例子:
"I'm not going to play the blame game and say who's at fault that so many people are out of work. But I have to tell you my opponent did vote against three bills to create new jobs."
這句話(huà)的意思是:“我不會(huì)把造成那么多人失業(yè)的責(zé)任推給別人,我不會(huì)使用那種推卸責(zé)任的把戲。但是,我得告訴你們,在國(guó)會(huì)就三項(xiàng)有關(guān)創(chuàng)造新就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)的提案投票時(shí),我的對(duì)手投的是反對(duì)票!
下面這個(gè)例子是對(duì)杜魯門(mén)總統(tǒng)的評(píng)論:
"Harry Truman, who was President from 1945 to 1952, was one man who did not play the blame game. He had a sign on his desk: The Buck Stops Here."
這是說(shuō):“杜魯門(mén)從1945到1952年擔(dān)任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)。他是一個(gè)不推卸責(zé)任的人,他的桌子上有一塊牌子,上面寫(xiě)著‘我負(fù)責(zé)’這幾個(gè)字!
和blame game相似的一個(gè)俗語(yǔ)是:negative campaigning。Negative是反面的意思,campaigning就是競(jìng)選。那么,什么是negative campaigning呢?下面這句話(huà)就回答了這個(gè)問(wèn)題:
"A listener just called in to ask what I mean by negative campaigning. Well, it means a candidate's main strategy is to tell voters how bad the other guy is instead of talking about how good he is himself."
他說(shuō):“一位聽(tīng)眾剛才打電話(huà)來(lái)問(wèn)什么是negative campaigning。Negative campaigning的意思是一個(gè)候選人采用的主要策略是告訴選民他的對(duì)手是如何的壞,而不是說(shuō)自己是如何如何的好!
下面是另一個(gè)例子:
"Some political observers say that negative campaigning isn't working this year--that voters want to hear positive ideas about how to create new jobs and give people better health care."
這句話(huà)是說(shuō):“有些政治觀(guān)察家說(shuō),盡力貶低對(duì)方的反面競(jìng)選方式今年行不通。選民們要聽(tīng)有積極意義的主意,像如何增加就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、為公眾提供更好的保健措施等!
今天我們給聽(tīng)眾介紹了兩個(gè)美國(guó)人在競(jìng)選時(shí)用的俗語(yǔ),一個(gè)是blame game。Blame game就是一個(gè)候選人在競(jìng)選過(guò)程中企圖把造成一些社會(huì)問(wèn)題的責(zé)任推給對(duì)方,盡管他明知道那是他自己的責(zé)任。我們今天講的第二個(gè)俗語(yǔ)是negative campaigning。Negative campaigning就是候選人集中力量講對(duì)手的缺點(diǎn),以此來(lái)抬高自己。
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