豬流感是如何傳播的？中英文對(duì)照閱讀

　　Influenza viruses can be directly transmitted from pigs to people and from people to pigs. Human infection with flu viruses from pigs are most likely to occur when people are in close proximity to infected pigs, such as in pig barns and livestock exhibits housing pigs at fairs. Human-to-human transmission of swine flu can also occur. This is thought to occur in the same way as seasonal flu occurs in people, which is mainly person-to-person transmission through coughing or sneezing of people infected with the influenza virus. People may become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their mouth or nose.

　　豬流感是如何傳播的？

　　流感病毒能夠直接從豬傳染到人，或者從人傳染到豬。人被豬感染最常見的情形是人與受感染的豬有近距離接觸，例如在豬圈里，或者在市場上展出的豬。人與人的豬流感傳播也是可能的，它的傳播方式被認(rèn)為與季節(jié)性流感傳播的方式一樣，即主要通過病人的咳嗽，打噴嚏的方式在人群之間傳播。在接觸含有病毒的物體之后再摸嘴巴或者摸鼻子也有可能感染病毒。

　　What do we know about human-to-human spread of swine flu?

　　In September 1988, a previously healthy 32-year-old pregnant woman was hospitalized for pneumonia and died 8 days later. A swine H1N1 flu virus was detected. Four days before getting sick, the patient visited a county fair swine exhibition where there was widespread influenza-like illness among the swine.

　　In follow-up studies, 76% of swine exhibitors tested had antibody evidence of swine flu infection but no serious illnesses were detected among this group. Additional studies suggest that one to three health care personnel who had contact with the patient developed mild influenza-like illnesses with antibody evidence of swine flu infection.

　　How can human infections with swine influenza be diagnosed?

　　To diagnose swine influenza A infection, a respiratory specimen would generally need to be collected within the first 4 to 5 days of illness (when an infected person is most likely to be shedding virus). However, some persons, especially children, may shed virus for 10 days or longer. Identification as a swine flu influenza A virus requires sending the specimen to CDC for laboratory testing.

　　What medications are available to treat swine flu infections in humans?

　　There are four different antiviral drugs that are licensed for use in the US for the treatment of influenza: amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir and zanamivir. While most swine influenza viruses have been susceptible to all four drugs, the most recent swine influenza viruses isolated from humans are resistant to amantadine and rimantadine. At this time, CDC recommends the use of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the treatment and/or prevention of infection with swine influenza viruses.

　　我們知道多少關(guān)于人與人之間的豬流感傳播？

　　在1988年9月，一個(gè)之前健康的32歲孕婦因?yàn)榉窝鬃≡翰⒂?天后不幸死亡，從她身上檢測出了H1N1豬流感病毒。病人在發(fā)病的4天前去了一個(gè)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)市場，那里的豬普遍感染上了類似于流感的疾病。

　　在隨后的調(diào)查中，市場上76%的豬農(nóng)被檢出有抗體，證明他們被豬流感感染過，但沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這群人感染了嚴(yán)重的疾病。接著，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)大約有1-3名與患者接觸的醫(yī)護(hù)人員患上了輕微的類似流感的疾病，抗體檢測證實(shí)他們是感染上了豬流感。

　　How common is swine flu infection in humans?

　　In the past, CDC received reports of approximately one human swine influenza virus infection every one to two years in the U.S., but from December 2005 through February 2009, 12 cases of human infection with swine influenza have been reported.

　　這種情況多嗎？

　　在以往，CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention，美國疾病預(yù)防與控制中心)在美國平均每1-2年會(huì)收到大約1起人感染豬流感的報(bào)告，但從2005年12月到2009年2月出現(xiàn)了12例豬流感感染人的病例。

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