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法律文件中的長(zhǎng)句如何翻譯
做翻譯，最難處理的莫過(guò)于長(zhǎng)句。這里所謂的“長(zhǎng)句”，不單純就句子的長(zhǎng)度而言，而且是指語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜、從句和修飾語(yǔ)較多、包含的內(nèi)容層次在一個(gè)以上的句子。鑒于法律文件的目的、性質(zhì)和文體特征，其長(zhǎng)句出現(xiàn)的頻率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于其他文字作品，這就給法律翻譯造成了額外負(fù)擔(dān)。因此，可以這樣說(shuō)，正確理解和翻譯長(zhǎng)句，是法律翻譯成敗的要素之一。
翻譯長(zhǎng)句，首先要從語(yǔ)法分析入手理解句子的完整意思，而后在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將其意思用通順的漢語(yǔ)翻譯出來(lái)。以“導(dǎo)論”中0.3節(jié)所給的長(zhǎng)句為例，這個(gè)句子的主句（the Parties shall promptly consult and decide whether…）前面有一個(gè)很長(zhǎng)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句（if, after the signing of this Agreement, the Chinese government either at the State, provincial, municipal or local level adopts any new law, regulation, decree or rule, amends or repeals any provision of any law, regulation, decree or rule, or adopts any different interpretation or method of implementation of any law, regulation, decree or rule, which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement, then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party）和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（then upon written notice thereof from the affected party to the other Party），在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，又夾帶著一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（after the signing of this agreement）和一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句（which contravenes this Agreement or which materially and adversely affects a Party's economic benefit under this Agreement）。主句本身也相當(dāng)復(fù)雜，除了有主語(yǔ)加兩個(gè)并立的謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)的基本句子結(jié)構(gòu)外，兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞未完分別有方式狀語(yǔ)（in accordance with the original provisions thereof as per the relevant provisions of the Contract Law of the People's Republic of China）及目的狀語(yǔ)（in order to preserve each Party's economic benefit under this Agreement）和方式狀語(yǔ)（on a basis no less favourable than the economic benefit it would have received if such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted of so interpreted or implemented）修飾。就是在后一個(gè)方式狀語(yǔ)中，也還有一個(gè)作定語(yǔ)的虛擬句（it would have received of such law, regulation, decree or rule had not been adopted, amended, repealed or so interpreted or implemented）�？v觀整個(gè)句子，內(nèi)有主句又有從句，修飾語(yǔ)套修飾語(yǔ)，一個(gè)接一個(gè)疊加，一環(huán)扣一環(huán)相連，構(gòu)成了復(fù)雜的修飾和被修飾關(guān)系。只有弄清楚句子里各個(gè)成分之間的相互關(guān)系，才有可能理解句子的完整意思。
由于這個(gè)句子內(nèi)部存在著復(fù)雜關(guān)系，要準(zhǔn)確、通順地譯出原句的完事意思并不是一件容易的事情。比較英語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)這兩種語(yǔ)言的句子結(jié)構(gòu)，不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，英語(yǔ)可以憑借關(guān)聯(lián)詞形成很長(zhǎng)的句子，而漢語(yǔ)卻沒(méi)有諸如關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞之類(lèi)的關(guān)聯(lián)詞，因而也就不可能產(chǎn)生結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的長(zhǎng)句。英語(yǔ)復(fù)合句，各個(gè)成分之間都有適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞加以連接，以表明它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系，這就使得句子各個(gè)成分的設(shè)置有較大的靈活性。漢語(yǔ)句子一般是按時(shí)間順序和中國(guó)人的邏輯思維順序編排的，即使不使用關(guān)聯(lián)詞，也能構(gòu)成完整的意思。翻譯長(zhǎng)句，要按漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)方式處理英語(yǔ)句子里錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的關(guān)系。處理方法大致可歸納為兩種：一種是基本上按英語(yǔ)原句的結(jié)構(gòu)順序翻譯，另一種是按漢語(yǔ)的時(shí)間順序和邏輯順序翻譯。本章將著重分析第一種翻譯方法。
按原句的結(jié)構(gòu)順序翻譯
�。╝）Each of the Shareholders shall exercise all voting rights and other powers of control available to it in relation to the Company so as to procure （so far as it is able by the exercise of such rights and powers） that at all times during the term of this Agreement, the provisions concerning the structure and organisation of the Company, and the regulation of its affairs set out in this Agreement, are duly observed and given full force and effect, and all actions reserved and given full force and effect, and all actions required of the Shareholders under this Agreement are carried out in a timely manner, and in particular （but not in derogation of the generality of the foregoing）, that any meeting
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