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商務英語寫作應注意無性別區(qū)分用語
使用沒有性別區(qū)分的語言對于某些作者而言似乎是沒有必要的,但是,如果一概使用男性化的代名詞則會給讀者留下這樣的印象,即認為女性不包括在作者所指的群體當中。雖然有人會反駁說男性化的代名詞"he" 和"his"同時指代男性和女性,但是讀者而非作者完全會產(chǎn)生上述的印象。因為很多讀者讀到男性化的代名詞時會認為僅指男性,所以,作者可能是不經(jīng)意地創(chuàng)造了這種錯誤的印象。
基于經(jīng)驗得來的重要方法就是避免使用具有性別特征的用語;只是在必須使用名詞才能完成句子的情況下,可以使用"他或她"("he or she")作為替代。多數(shù)情況下可以重寫一個句子避免使用具有性別特征的名詞。下面將介紹三種方法。第一種是最理想的。不要使用“他們”代替他和她,“他們”應該只是在指稱復數(shù)的情況下才使用。這里的每一個規(guī)則都提供了一個避免使用具有性別特征用語的方法。
1、重寫一個句子避免使用任何名詞 通?梢杂"the" 或"a"代替該名詞。
Incorrect: A good judge takes their job very seriously.
Undesirable:A good judge takes his or her job very seriously.
Better: A good judge takes the job very seriously.
OR
A good judge takes judging very seriously.
Incorrect: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice their constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of their trial.
Better: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice his or her constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of his or her trial.
Best: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice the constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of the trial.
2. 如果必要的話,使用"one"代替"he or she"或"his or her"。但是,如果可能的話,也應該避免使用這一表達,因為"one"這個詞用起來并不容易。
不理想的:
A person who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress his or her supervisors.
較理想的:
One who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress one’’s supervisors.
3 如果必要的話,將主語由單數(shù)改為復數(shù)。如果你所指的并非一個明確的個體而是一類個體,你可以使用一個復數(shù)的主語,這樣就可以避免使用具有性別特征的名詞,同時還可以避免不正確地使用“他們”("their")這個名詞。
Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with their students.
Also Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with her students.
Better: A teacher must communicate clearly with his or her students.
Best: Teachers must communicate clearly with their students.
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