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商務(wù)英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作應(yīng)注意無(wú)性別區(qū)分用語(yǔ)
使用沒(méi)有性別區(qū)分的語(yǔ)言對(duì)于某些作者而言似乎是沒(méi)有必要的，但是，如果一概使用男性化的代名詞則會(huì)給讀者留下這樣的印象，即認(rèn)為女性不包括在作者所指的群體當(dāng)中。雖然有人會(huì)反駁說(shuō)男性化的代名詞"he" 和"his"同時(shí)指代男性和女性，但是讀者而非作者完全會(huì)產(chǎn)生上述的印象。因?yàn)楹芏嘧x者讀到男性化的代名詞時(shí)會(huì)認(rèn)為僅指男性，所以，作者可能是不經(jīng)意地創(chuàng)造了這種錯(cuò)誤的印象。
基于經(jīng)驗(yàn)得來(lái)的重要方法就是避免使用具有性別特征的用語(yǔ)；只是在必須使用名詞才能完成句子的情況下，可以使用"他或她"（"he or she"）作為替代。多數(shù)情況下可以重寫(xiě)一個(gè)句子避免使用具有性別特征的名詞。下面將介紹三種方法。第一種是最理想的。不要使用“他們”代替他和她，“他們”應(yīng)該只是在指稱復(fù)數(shù)的情況下才使用。這里的每一個(gè)規(guī)則都提供了一個(gè)避免使用具有性別特征用語(yǔ)的方法。
1、重寫(xiě)一個(gè)句子避免使用任何名詞 通�？梢杂�"the" 或"a"代替該名詞。
Incorrect: A good judge takes their job very seriously.
Undesirable:A good judge takes his or her job very seriously.
Better: A good judge takes the job very seriously.
OR
A good judge takes judging very seriously.
Incorrect: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice their constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of their trial.
Better: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice his or her constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of his or her trial.
Best: A defendant should not be required to sacrifice the constitutional right to a fair trial for the sole benefit of allowing televised coverage of the trial.
2． 如果必要的話，使用"one"代替"he or she"或"his or her"。但是，如果可能的話，也應(yīng)該避免使用這一表達(dá)，因?yàn)?one"這個(gè)詞用起來(lái)并不容易。
不理想的：
A person who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress his or her supervisors.
較理想的:
One who masters the basic rules of grammar, punctuation, and good writing is likely to impress one’’s supervisors.
3 如果必要的話，將主語(yǔ)由單數(shù)改為復(fù)數(shù)。如果你所指的并非一個(gè)明確的個(gè)體而是一類個(gè)體，你可以使用一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)的主語(yǔ)，這樣就可以避免使用具有性別特征的名詞，同時(shí)還可以避免不正確地使用“他們”（"their"）這個(gè)名詞。
Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with their students.
Also Incorrect: A teacher must communicate clearly with her students.
Better: A teacher must communicate clearly with his or her students.
Best: Teachers must communicate clearly with their students.
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