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牛津版M5U2教案四:Grammar: V-ing形式
I. Teaching aims and demands 1. Help Ss understand verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb. 2. Master a verb-ing as attributive, predicative, object complement ect. II. Teaching important and difficult points 1. How to use verb-ing form as an adjective or adverb 2. How to use verb-ing phrases III. Teaching aids Multimedia, Blackboard and Test paper. IV. Teaching procedures Step 1: Teaching check before class Step 2: Grammar and usage: Verb-ing form V-ing形式又分為動(dòng)名詞及現(xiàn)在分詞。 1、動(dòng)名詞的句法功能: ①、作主語: Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗讀是很有好處的。 Collecting stamps is interesting. 集郵很有趣。 當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。 It’s no use quarrelling.爭吵是沒用的。 ②、作表語: In the ant city, the queen’s job is laying eggs. 在螞蟻王國,蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。 ③、作賓語: They haven’t finished building the dam. 他們還沒有建好大壩。 We have to prevent the air from being polluted. 我們必須阻止空氣被污染。 注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語,如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外,動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語,則常用形式賓語it,例如: We found it no good making fun of others. 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。 ★要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語:resist(抵抗),mind(介意),suggest(建議),delay(推遲),keep(on) (保持),look forward to (期昐),enjoy(喜歡),include(包括),appreciate(欣賞),imagine(想象),practise(實(shí)踐),finish(完成),consider(考慮),can’t help(不禁),miss(錯(cuò)過) 以上動(dòng)詞及短語可以通過口訣進(jìn)行記憶: 抗議(意)推辭(遲)昐喜報(bào),心(欣)想事(實(shí))成考不錯(cuò)。 ④、作定語: He can’t walk without a walking-stick. 他沒有拐杖不能走路。 Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎? ⑤、作同位語: The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。 His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged. 他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。 2、現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能: ①、作定語:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí),放在所修飾的名詞前;如果是分詞短語做定語放在名詞后。 In the following years he worked even harder. 在后來的幾年中,他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。 The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長的父親。 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如:in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改為the man who is speaking to the teacher. ②、現(xiàn)在分詞作表語: The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在這家上演的電影很棒。 The present situation is inspiring. 當(dāng)前的形勢鼓舞人心。 be + doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語,它們的區(qū)別在于be + doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí),而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。 ③、作賓語補(bǔ)足語:如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語:see, let, make, listen, hear, have, watch, notice, feel, look at等。例如: Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎? 以上動(dòng)詞同樣也可以通過口訣進(jìn)行記憶: 三讓(make, let, have),三看(see, look at, watch),兩聽(listen to, hear),注意感覺(notice, feel) ④、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語: a.作時(shí)間狀語:(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. 在工廠工作時(shí),他是一名先進(jìn)工人。 b.作原因狀語: Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青團(tuán)員,他經(jīng)常幫助他人。 c.作方式狀語,表示伴隨: He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗。 d.作條件狀語: (If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time. 要是整天玩,你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。 e.作結(jié)果狀語: He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,結(jié)果摔得粉碎。 f.作目的狀語: He went swimming the other day. 幾天前他去游泳了。 g.作讓步狀語: Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon. 雖然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。 h.與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格: I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head.我等汽車時(shí),一只鳥落到我頭上。 All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly. 所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了,他們失望地離開了。 Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises. 如果時(shí)間允許,我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。 有時(shí)也可用with (without) +名詞(代詞賓格)+分詞形式。 With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。 i.作獨(dú)立成分: Judging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor. 從外表看,他一定是個(gè)演員。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般說來,女孩子更細(xì)心。 Step 3: Exercises for consolidation Step 4: Homework V. Blackboard design VI. Notes after teaching【牛津版M5U2教案四:Grammar: V-ing形式】相關(guān)文章:
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