虛擬語氣教案設(shè)計

第三章 虛擬語氣

 虛擬語氣（the subjunctive mood），又稱假設(shè)語氣，是謂語動詞的一種形式，表示說話人敘述的內(nèi)容與事實(shí)相反，在現(xiàn)實(shí)中并不存在，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性很小。

　　一、動詞的語氣

　　語氣用來區(qū)別講話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中的語氣(mood)有三種，分別是陳述語氣、祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。

　　1.陳述語氣

　　陳述語氣一般用來敘述事實(shí)或就事實(shí)提出詢問，主要用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。

　　Where there is a will, there's a way. 有志者事竟成。

　　Can you help me carry the box upstairs 你能幫我把箱子搬到樓上嗎？

　　How I missed the life in the countryside! 我多么想念鄉(xiāng)村的生活�。�

　　2.祈使語氣

　　祈使語氣表示說話人向?qū)Ψ教岢稣埱蠡蛳逻_(dá)命令。

　　Come this way, please! 請這邊走。

　　Don't make any noise, will you 別吵，行嗎？

　　Do be careful when crossing the street. 過馬路時一定要小心。

　　3.虛擬語氣

　　虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)不是客觀存在的事實(shí)，而是說話人的主觀愿望、假設(shè)或推測等。

　　If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鳥，我就能在空中飛行。

　　I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。

　　May good luck be yours! 祝你好運(yùn)！

　　二、條件句中的虛擬語氣

　　英語中條件從句有兩類，一類是真實(shí)條件句，另一類是非真實(shí)條件句。如果假設(shè)的情況可能發(fā)生，是真實(shí)條件句；如果假設(shè)的情況是不存在的或不大可能發(fā)生的，則是虛擬條件句。

　　A．真實(shí)條件句

　　真實(shí)條件句表示的假設(shè)是可能發(fā)生或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的，主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用陳述語氣。

　　If he doesn't come at 8, we won't wait for him. 如果他八點(diǎn)不來，我們就不等他了。

　　If a flood happened in the past, there was usually a great loss of life and property. 過去發(fā)生洪水的話，常有很大的生命和財產(chǎn)損失。

　　We shall go there unless it rains tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我們將去那里。

　　I'll let you use my bike on condition that you keep it clean. 如果你能保持車子干凈，我就讓你用我的自行車。

　　B．非真實(shí)條件句

　　在含有非真實(shí)條件句的復(fù)合句中，主句和從句的謂語動詞都要用虛擬語氣，其構(gòu)成有三種形式：

　　與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語：were did

　　主句的謂：would (couldshouldmight) + do

　　與過去事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語：had done

　　主句的謂：would(couldshouldmight) + have done

　　與將來事實(shí)相反 if條件句的謂語：didwere

　　主句的謂：should do would (couldshouldmight) + do were to do

　　1． 表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的條件

　　條件從句用動詞的過去式（be動詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+動詞原形�？捎们閼B(tài)動詞could, might代替should, would表示情態(tài)。

　　If it were Sunday tomorrow, I would go and see my friends. 明天要是星期天的話，我就去看望我的朋友。

　　If I were you, I should go and try. 我要是你，我就去試試。

　　If wishes were horses, beggars might ride.

　　如果幻想能成為馬匹，叫花子都有了坐騎

　　? would go if they treated me like a slave. 要是他們把我當(dāng)奴隸對待，我就走。

　　2．表示與過去事實(shí)相反的條件

　　條件從句用動詞的過去完成時，主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+have done，也可用could, might代替should, would。

　　If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have telephoned you. 如果昨天我知道你的電話號碼，我就給你打電話了。

　　If it had not rained this morning, I should have gone shopping. 今天早上要是沒下雨，我就去買東西了。

　　The flood might have caused great damages to the people if we had not built so many reservoirs. 倘若我們沒有修建這么多的水庫，洪水就會使人民遭受巨大的損失。

　　3． 表示在將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件

　　表示在將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的條件從句有三種形式：

　�、� weredid

　　條件從句用動詞的過去式（be動詞用were），主句用should（第一人稱）或would（全部人稱）+動詞原形。也可用could, might代替should, would。

　　If he were here tomorrow, I would speak to him. 明天如果他在這里的話，我就和他談?wù)劇?/p>

　　If you dropped the glass, it would break. 你要是把杯子掉下來，會打碎的。

　　If she had time, she could help me. 她要是有時間，就會幫我了。

　�、� should do

　　條件從句中不管什么人稱都用should do，可表示有偶然實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。

　　If it should rain, the crops could be saved. 假如下雨，莊稼可能就有救了。

　　We would trust him if he should be honest. 如果他真是誠實(shí)的，那我們就相信他。

　　③ were to do

　　條件從句用were + to do。這種形式比較正式，常出現(xiàn)在書面語中，其假設(shè)成份很大，實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性很小。

　　If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way. 要是我做這項(xiàng)工作，我就會以不同的方式去做。

　　If the headmaster were to come, what would we say to him 假如校長來了，我們對他說什么呢？

　　對比：

　　將來不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的三種非真實(shí)條件句中的虛擬語氣對比

　　If it snowed tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。

　�。ǔＳ眯问剑�

　　If it should snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天下雪的話，我就留在家里。

　　（可能性較�。�

　　If it were to snow tomorrow, I would stay at home. 如果明天要下雪的話，我就留在家里。（可能性最小）

　　C．省略if的條件句

　　在書面語中，非真實(shí)條件句中有were, had, should時，可以省略if，而把were, had, should放在主語前，用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的話，我可以立即去。（= If it were necessary......）

　　Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是聽了我的建議，就不會考試不及格了。（= If you had taken my advice......）

　　Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有時間，我就去看她。（= If I should have time......）

　　D．錯綜條件句

　　虛擬條件句中的主句和從句涉及的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，這時主句和從句的謂語形式應(yīng)按照各自動作發(fā)生的實(shí)際時間來表達(dá)。

　　If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看電視，你現(xiàn)在也就不會這么困了。（從句yesterday說明過去，主句now說明現(xiàn)在）

　　If they had left home early this morning, they would arrive in half an hour. 如果他們今天一早就離開家的話，再過半小時他們就該到了。（從句說明過去，主句說明將來。）

　　If you hesitated this moment, you might suffer in the future. 如果你此刻猶豫不決，你將來會吃苦頭的。（從句說明現(xiàn)在，主句說明將來）

　　注意：

　　在很多情況下，我們也可以用was來代替當(dāng)主語是第一人稱或第三人稱單數(shù)時的were。

　　If were here tomorrow...

　　也可以說成：If he was here tomorrow...

　　I wish I were a bird.

　　也可以說成：I sish I was a bird.

　　但倒裝句型中的were不可被was來替換。

　　Were I in your position,I would not do it.如果我處在你的位置，我是不會干這件事的。

　　E．含蓄條件句

　　非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時不表達(dá)出來，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況：

　　1．條件暗含在短語中

　　He would not get such a result without your help. 沒有你的幫助，他就不會有今天的成果。(條件暗含在介詞短語without your help中)

　　But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你，我就不會恢復(fù)得這么快。(條件暗含在But for you中)

　　This same thing, happening in the past, would lead to a disaster.　同樣的事，如發(fā)生在過去，就會釀成大禍。(條件暗含在分詞短語happening in the past中)

　　He must have been there, or he never could know the place so well.　他一定是去過那兒，否則他絕不會對那個地方如此熟悉。(暗含條件是連詞or)

　　2．條件可根據(jù)上下文推理出

　　It would do you no good. 這可能會對你沒好處。(條件可能是if you should give up the job 如果你放棄這項(xiàng)工作的話)

　　They could have won.　他們本來是會贏的。(條件可能是if they had been patient 如果他們有耐心的話)

　　Such mistakes could have been avoided. 這種錯誤完全能避免。（條件可能是if you had been more careful 如果你更加小心一點(diǎn)的話）

　　Why didn't you tell me about it I should have helped you. 為什么你不告訴我？我會幫助你的。（條件可能是if you had told me about it

【虛擬語氣教案設(shè)計】相關(guān)文章：

虛擬語氣05-04

虛擬語氣講解05-04

英文語法雜談(1)：虛擬語氣05-04

英文語法雜談(2)：虛擬語氣05-04

特殊的虛擬語氣詞：should05-04

英語四六級中關(guān)于虛擬語氣的要點(diǎn)05-04

2006高考英語復(fù)習(xí)專練-情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣05-04

挑山工教案設(shè)計05-13

風(fēng)箏教案設(shè)計05-18

高中教案設(shè)計04-08