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考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
冠詞(Article)
一、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前必須加冠詞,a(an)表示泛指或類(lèi)指,the表示特指或類(lèi)指,
考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全
。例句: Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. (選自2008年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中主句是Washington overcame the strong opposition..., who引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句修飾Washington,該句中又有一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句作believe的賓語(yǔ)。
譯文: 在美國(guó)獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間目睹了黑人士兵的勇敢之后,華盛頓才開(kāi)始認(rèn)為人生來(lái)平等。他克服了親人的強(qiáng)烈反對(duì),在遺囑中給自己的奴隸們自由。
例句: While the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongst many journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (選自2007年P(guān)art C)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中supplied to them by lawyers作定語(yǔ)修飾interpretations,undue reliance意為“過(guò)分依賴(lài)”。
譯文: 雖然法律報(bào)道的質(zhì)量各不相同,但是許多新聞記者都過(guò)分依賴(lài)律師提供給他們的解釋。
二、定冠詞the的用法
在下述幾種情況下須用定冠詞the:表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的名詞,用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或某些形容詞前代表一類(lèi)人或事物,用在形容詞、副詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞和only之前。樂(lè)器名稱(chēng)前要加定冠詞the。
如:
the sun the moon the universe the camel
the blind the largest island the only student the piano
例句: The universe works in a way so far removed from what common sense would allow that words of any kind must necessarily be inadequate to explain it. (1998年第19題)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,what common sense would allow...作介詞from的賓語(yǔ)從句,該句中還包含一個(gè)so...that...從句。
譯文: 宇宙運(yùn)行的方式與常識(shí)所允許的構(gòu)思相距甚遠(yuǎn),因此任何一種語(yǔ)言也必然不足以把它解釋清楚。
例句: But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil. (選自2006年Text 4)
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,主干結(jié)構(gòu)是more artists began seeing happiness as..., 而as we went from Wordsworth?s daffodils to Baudelaire?s flowers of evil是一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。
譯文: 但是從19世紀(jì)的某個(gè)時(shí)候開(kāi)始,當(dāng)我們從華茲華斯的《水仙花》轉(zhuǎn)向波德萊爾的《惡之花》時(shí),越來(lái)越多的藝術(shù)家開(kāi)始把快樂(lè)看做是毫無(wú)意義的、虛假的甚至是令人厭倦的東西。
三、人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞
人名、地名等專(zhuān)有名詞前一般不用冠詞,但在海洋、河流、山脈、群島以及含有普通名詞的專(zhuān)有名詞前一般加定冠詞。
如:
the Atlantic Ocean (大西洋)
the Red Sea (紅海)
the Society for Anglo Chinese Understanding (英中了解協(xié)會(huì))
the Special Economic Zone (經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū))
例句: The four special economic zones(SEZS) in Guangdong and Fujian provinces, 14 coastal cities and Hainan island have specifically designed tax and other incentives for the foreign investor. (選自Far Eastern Economic Review)
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,
資料共享平臺(tái)
《考研英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全》(http://www.oriental01.com)。譯文: 廣東與福建兩省的四個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)特區(qū)、14個(gè)沿海開(kāi)放城市及海南島都有專(zhuān)門(mén)為外國(guó)投資者制定的稅收及其他鼓勵(lì)投資政策。
四、抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞
抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞表示一般概念時(shí),前面通常不用冠詞,但特指時(shí),則一定要加定冠詞。
例句: I admire the patience of scientific workers, which gives me much revelation.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,包含一個(gè)由which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
譯文: 我欽佩科研工作者的耐心,那給了我很多啟示。
五、動(dòng)名詞
動(dòng)名詞前一般不加冠詞,但表示確定特指含義的動(dòng)名詞前要加定冠詞。
例句: Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中requiring...在句中作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),對(duì)主語(yǔ)some uniforms作進(jìn)一步解釋說(shuō)明,形容詞短語(yǔ)possible with many types of civilian clothes在句中作定語(yǔ)修飾the home laundering。
譯文: 有些制服維護(hù)費(fèi)用也比較昂貴,需要專(zhuān)業(yè)清洗,而不能使用洗滌其他普通衣物的家庭洗滌方式。
六、一般不加冠詞的一些名詞
1. 節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞,如Christmas,但也有例外。
如:
the Spring Festival(春節(jié))
the Mid autumn Festival(中秋節(jié))
the Dragon Boat Festival(端午節(jié))
例句: Before the Spring Festival, the leaders of the village made the house to house survey, inquiring in each family about their needs and problems.
分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,其中inquiring in each family about their needs and problems在句中作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。
譯文: 在春節(jié)前夕,村中的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)挨家挨戶(hù)地走訪,詢(xún)問(wèn)每個(gè)家庭的需要和問(wèn)題。
2. 一日三餐表示一般意義時(shí),其前面不用冠詞,但表示特殊含義時(shí)可用a或the。
例句: My little son had a big breakfast this morning,and it was the very breakfast that made him uncomfortable the whole day.
分析: 該句是并列句,其中第二個(gè)分句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。
譯文: 小兒子今早吃得太多,就是這頓早餐使他一整天都不舒服。
3. 公園、街道、體育項(xiàng)目、游戲等名稱(chēng)前一般不用冠詞,季節(jié)、月份等日期前一般不用冠詞,但表示特指時(shí)須加冠詞。
例句: Long after the 1998 World Cup was won, disappointed fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing decisions that denied victory to their team.
分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,其中定語(yǔ)從句that denied victory to their team修飾decisions。
譯文: 盡管1998年世界杯早已塵埃落定,但失望的球迷仍然對(duì)那個(gè)使自己球隊(duì)痛失勝利的有爭(zhēng)議的判罰耿耿于懷。
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