熟詞換新義相逢難相識
近年來,為了考查考生猜測詞義的能力,高考英語閱讀理解題中出現(xiàn)了大量生詞,其中有不少詞屬于熟詞換新義的情況,很多考生因不懂這些熟詞的新含義,而出現(xiàn)思維被堵的現(xiàn)象,嚴重影響了對全文的正確理解,造成了不應有的失分。例1:Ottawa has given out special passes to some 300 US citizens in that area so they can enter the country when Canadian customs stations are closed, but the US stopped a similar program last May. (2005全國卷I)
析:custom原本為名詞,表風俗習慣。由句中special passes、enter the country和are closed之間的語境邏輯可以推斷該詞仍為名詞,表“海關”。
例2:The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. (2004山東卷)
析:head本為名詞,表頭。由the bus和home的語境邏輯可以推斷,該句head為動詞,表方向,結合全句可譯為“開往、駛向”。
例3:I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. (2004全國卷Ⅱ)
析:cloud本為名詞,表云。分析語境邏輯可知,憂慮會影響一個人的判斷,因此該句clouded應譯為使難以……。
例4:Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don’t regret their choice of study. (2004山東卷)
析:land作動詞,表登陸、著陸。結合語境可知,登陸第一份工作就指找到第一份工作,因此該句land應譯為“得到、找到”。
例5:How could they begin to picture modern life?
析:picture本為名詞,表圖畫。分析語境邏輯可知,該句picture作為動詞,可理解為使……出現(xiàn)圖畫,即描繪。
不少考生因不理解劃線部分熟詞的新含義,給全句甚至全文的理解帶來很大困難。顯然為了提高閱讀效率,我們很有必要歸納一下熟詞的新詞義。
1. fire vt. 解雇
Work hard or you will be fired. 努力工作,否則你將被解雇。
2. fine vt. 罰款
If you pay no attention to the red light and run across the street, you’ll be fined.如果你對紅燈不予理睬,強行過馬路,你將被罰款。
3. fall n. 秋天
In fall all the leaves fall of themselves. 秋天所有樹葉都會無風自落。
4. wind vt. 使彎曲前進 vi. 迂回,蜿蜒
The Great Wall of China winds its way from west to east.長城自西向東蜿蜒前進。
5. lay 下蛋,產(chǎn)卵
The hens lay there, laying eggs. 母雞伏在那里下蛋。
6. spring n. 泉水,彈簧,彈力;vt. 跳躍
The spring has run dry. 這眼泉干涸了。
This is a dead spring. 這彈簧失去了彈性。
He rose with a spring. 他一躍而起。
The ball sprang back and hit him. 球彈回打在他身上。
7. mine n. 礦山;vt. 開采(礦物)
This mine will be opened. 這個礦井將被開采。
Coal is mined from underground. 煤采自地下。
8. egg n. 卵
An ant starts as an egg. 螞蟻的生命自卵開始。
9. can n. 罐頭
This is a can of oranges.這是一罐頭桔子。
10. bear vt. 忍受
I can’t bear this pain. 我無法忍受這樣的痛苦。
11. stand vt. 忍受
I can’t stand being treated like this. 我受不了別人這么對我。
12. clear vi. 天氣轉晴
The sky will clear up this afternoon. 下午天將轉晴。
13. cross n. 十字架
It is not right for you to wear a cross. 你戴十字架不合適。
14. cost vt. 使喪失
The storm cost the king all his ships. 這場暴風雨使國王失掉了所有船只。
15. date vi. 始于或屬于(某一歷史時期);n. 約會
This tower dates from / back to the 14th century. 此塔歷史可追溯到十四世紀。
I will have a date with Jenny tonight. 今晚我與詹妮有約會。
16. way n. 領域,場合
Science can help peasants in many ways. 科學可在很多領域對農民們有幫助。
17. flat n. 一套房間
I have a flat in this building. 我在這幢樓里有一套房間。
18. gift n. 天資,才能
He has a gift for music. 他有音樂天賦。
19. good n. 好處,利益
We study for the good of the people. 我們?yōu)槿嗣窭娑鴮W習。
20. break n. 課間/工間休息
Let’s have a break. 讓我們休息一會兒。
21. green adj. 青的,生的
These apples are still green, you can’t pick them.這些蘋果還未成熟,請別摘。
22. table n. 表格
This is a railway timetable. 這是一張火車時刻表。
23. tear vt. 撕
He tore the letter open. 他將信撕開了。
24. china n. 瓷器
I will buy a set of china. 我要買一套瓷器。
25. interest n. 利益
I criticize you for your interest. 我批評你是為了你好。
26. iron n. 熨斗
She is pressing her dress with an iron. 他在用熨斗燙衣