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2013考研英語(yǔ) 應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作攻略
雖然大綱中羅列了多種應(yīng)用文類型，包括：投訴信，建議信，申請(qǐng)信，求職信，辭職信，求學(xué)信，求助信，感謝信，號(hào)召信，邀請(qǐng)信，道歉信，摘要，簡(jiǎn)歷，備忘錄，尋物啟事，招領(lǐng)啟事等，但是在具體的實(shí)踐中，常�？嫉降氖菚�(shū)信和摘要。尤其在近幾年的考研中，應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作考的最多的就是書(shū)信體應(yīng)用文。因此本章將詳細(xì)講解各類書(shū)信以及摘要的寫(xiě)作方法。
第一節(jié) 書(shū)信寫(xiě)作總體概述
一、首段的寫(xiě)作方法
1.問(wèn)候收信人
Dear sir/madam
2.解釋寫(xiě)信的原因
申請(qǐng)：I’m writing for an opportunity to work in your esteemed company that boasts of decades of reputation.
邀請(qǐng)：I’m writing to request your attendance to a dinner party that is to be held in Beijing on August...,...
感謝：I am writing to extend my heartfelt thanks(sincere gratitude) toward...
投訴：I am writing to complain about the poor service (quality) of a product that I purchased from your store two weeks ago.
祝賀：I am writing to extend my sincere greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your career greater success and your family happiness.
二、中間段的寫(xiě)作方法
1.閱讀題目要求，找到可以用到的名詞或動(dòng)詞。
【示例】Write a letter of application according to the following situation. You saw an advertisement in this morning’s newspaper. A company needs a secretary and you are interested. Write an application letter to that company.
2. 注意題目文字暗示，把名詞具體化，把動(dòng)詞近義詞化。
【示例】I am pleased to discover from Beijing Youth that company is calling for a secretary. I wonder if you could consider my application, for I am delighted to join your esteemed company. First, I can speak and write English fluently, which happens to apply for your current requirement for the vacancy. Second, I have a good command of Microsoft Office System, Graphic Design and ADOBE system. Third and last, I am always ready to help other people because I’m patient, enthusiastic and sincere. Given these consideration, I sincerely hope that I can be a contribution member of your esteemed company.
三、結(jié)尾段的寫(xiě)作方法(三句話)
【示例】I would appreciate your assistance in this matter. If you have any questions, please don’t hesitate to contact me. I can be reached at... Look forward to your reply.
應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作六字決：
1.開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)意圖，2.信息要點(diǎn)覆蓋到，3.舉一反三講細(xì)節(jié)，
4.語(yǔ)言正式詞多變，5.感謝客氣不能少，6.期待回信成老套。
第二節(jié) 書(shū)信的分類講解
投訴信
投訴信又可稱為抱怨信，其主要目的是表達(dá)寫(xiě)信人對(duì)于某一情況的不滿。人們?cè)谏钪薪?jīng)常會(huì)遇到一些不愉快的事情，比如消費(fèi)利益受損、正常生活和工作受到干擾等等，有時(shí)寫(xiě)封投訴信不失為一個(gè)解決辦法。
投訴信通常包括以下幾個(gè)方面的內(nèi)容：說(shuō)明投訴的原因并表示遺憾;實(shí)事求是地闡述問(wèn)題發(fā)生的經(jīng)過(guò)，切忌夸大其詞;指出問(wèn)題引起的后果;提出批評(píng)及處理意見(jiàn)，或敦促對(duì)方采取措施，或提出所希望的賠償以及補(bǔ)救方式。
投訴信的寫(xiě)作策略：說(shuō)明投訴問(wèn)題——描述具體情況——期待解決方案。
注意事項(xiàng)：寫(xiě)投訴信時(shí)語(yǔ)氣要冷靜、鄭重、克制，不必過(guò)于禮貌。但也要就事論事，不能進(jìn)行人身攻擊。同時(shí)，在描述問(wèn)題時(shí)盡量采用被動(dòng)句式，使描述更加客觀合理。
例題一
Directions:
You bought an iPhone in a store last week, and you have found that there is something wrong with it. Write a letter to the store manager to explain the problem, express your complaints and suggest a solution.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address. (10 points)
范文：
Dear Manager,
I venture to write to complain about the quality of the iPhone I bought last Friday at your store. I hope I can have a good solution to the problem facing me.
During the five days when the iPhone has been in my possession, problems of software have emerged one after another. For one thing, the screen is always black, making the iPhone no difference from a traditional one. For another, the battery is distressing as it supports the iPhone’s operation for only two hours. Therefore, I wish to exchange it for another one or declare a refund.
I will appreciate it if my problem receives due attention.
Yours,
Li Ming
尊敬的經(jīng)理：
我很冒昧給您寫(xiě)這封信，投訴我上周五在您商店里購(gòu)買(mǎi)的iPhone手機(jī)的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。我也希望我的問(wèn)題能有很好的解決。
購(gòu)買(mǎi)至今的五天中，各種軟件問(wèn)題一個(gè)接一個(gè)地出現(xiàn)。一方面，手機(jī)屏幕總是黑屏，我使用起來(lái)仿佛和傳統(tǒng)手機(jī)沒(méi)有區(qū)別。另一方面，電池的狀況也不盡如人意，只能讓手機(jī)工作兩個(gè)小時(shí)。因此，我希望可以換一個(gè)新機(jī)，否則我要求退款。
我希望這個(gè)問(wèn)題能夠得到足夠的重視。
李明
謹(jǐn)上
例題二
Directions：
You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting. He/She has parties in the room and sometimes borrows your things without asking you. Write a letter to the accommodation officer at the college:
1) asking for a new room next term,
2) stating that you would prefer a single room and
3) explaining your reasons.
You should write with no less than 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use“Li Ming”instead. You do not need to write the address. (10 points)
范文
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am writing to inform you that I wish to move into a new room next term. I would prefer a single room, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.
I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties. In addition, he sometimes borrows my things without asking me. In these circumstances, I find it difficult to concentrate on my studies, and I am falling behind in my assignments.
I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own, where I will be free from such distractions. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.
Yours sincerely,
Li Ming
尊敬的女士或先生：
我寫(xiě)此信的目的是要告訴您我希望下學(xué)期換個(gè)房間，我想要一間單人房，因?yàn)槲夷壳昂献〉淖∷懿环奖恪?/p>
我提出這一要求是因?yàn)槲沂矣炎鍪聫牟豢紤]別人。他總有朋友來(lái)拜訪，還常舉行喧鬧的聚會(huì)。并且，有時(shí)他還不經(jīng)我同意就借走了我的東西。在這種情況下，我覺(jué)得沒(méi)法專心學(xué)習(xí)，我現(xiàn)在功課就落后了。
我相信您也會(huì)覺(jué)得解決的辦法是換個(gè)單間，那樣我就不會(huì)受到這些干擾了。如果您能幫我找到一間單人房我將不勝感激。我還希望新宿舍不要和現(xiàn)在的宿舍在同一幢樓內(nèi)，而是離學(xué)校越近越好。
李明
謹(jǐn)上
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