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考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 動(dòng)詞

時(shí)間:2023-05-06 14:49:06 考研英語 我要投稿
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考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 動(dòng)詞

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考研英語語法重難點(diǎn)精解 動(dòng)詞

  1. must have done表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè)“一定發(fā)生了”。

  例句: My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically:“Are you feeling all right?” (1996年第2題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,the moment后引導(dǎo)一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句;定語從句I met前省略了關(guān)系代詞whom。

  譯文: 當(dāng)我走進(jìn)房間時(shí),我的疼痛一定很明顯。因?yàn)槲矣龅降牡谝粋(gè)人就同情地問我: “你還好吧?”

  2. can?t have done表示對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè)“一定沒發(fā)生”。

  例句: You can?t have seen him in his office last Sunday; he?s been out of town for several weeks.

  分析: 該句是并列句。

  譯文: 你上周日不可能在辦公室見到他,因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)離開本鎮(zhèn)好幾個(gè)星期了。

  3. could/may have done表示對(duì)過去的肯定推測(cè),語氣弱于must have done“很可能發(fā)生了”。

  例句: Nelson could have won the game, with a little more training and a better manager。

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句,with a little more training and a better manager相當(dāng)于一個(gè)與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣的從句,即: If he had had a little more training and a better manager.

  譯文: 如果尼爾森再多加強(qiáng)訓(xùn)練,再有一個(gè)好的教練,他就能贏得比賽。

  例句: The current state of affairs may have been encouraged—though not justified—by the lack of legal penalty (in America, but not Europe) for data leakage. (選自2007年Text 4)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,though not justified的完整形式應(yīng)是though it is not justified,其中it指代破折號(hào)前所敘述的內(nèi)容。

  譯文: 目前此事的狀況可能會(huì)被激化,雖然不合理,因?yàn)椋ㄔ诿绹皇菤W洲)缺乏對(duì)信息泄露的法律制裁。

  4. couldn?t have done表示對(duì)過去的否定推測(cè),語氣弱于can?t have done,肯定意味強(qiáng)些,表“可能沒發(fā)生”。

  例句: He couldn?t have been robbed in the street last night, in that he was with me the whole night.

  分析: 該句實(shí)際是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,其中短語in that為連詞,引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句。

  譯文: 他昨晚在街上不可能被搶劫了,因?yàn)檎硭己臀以谝黄稹?/p>

  5. would have done用于與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣中,表假設(shè)。

  例句: The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution”, including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation. (選自2008年Text 4)

  分析: 該句的謂語形式是虛擬語氣,without引導(dǎo)的介詞短語作其條件狀語;that引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)定語從句修飾clause。

  譯文: 如果對(duì)“特殊體制”沒有保護(hù)措施的話,南方諸州是不會(huì)簽署憲法的!疤厥怏w制”中包括一個(gè)議會(huì)代表席位的條款,即一個(gè)奴隸得按3/5的人頭計(jì)算。

  例句: A safety analysis would have identified the target as a potential danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. (1996年第6題)

  分析: 這是兩個(gè)并列句,根據(jù)后個(gè)句子可以得知這份安全分析從沒有做過,所以前個(gè)句子是對(duì)過去事實(shí)的一種虛擬假設(shè)。

  譯文: 安全分析本可以鑒別出預(yù)定目標(biāo)是個(gè)潛在的危險(xiǎn)。不幸的是,從未做過這種安全分析。

  例句: Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. (選自2006年Text 3)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,在主從句中都隱含了與過去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語氣,分詞短語leading to an underestimate of fish stocks...在句中作狀語表示結(jié)果。

  譯文: 個(gè)別的魚沒有被捕捉,是因?yàn)闆]有可用來捕捉它們的帶餌的鉤,這就導(dǎo)致了過去對(duì)魚類資源的低估。

6. might have done表示本來可能而實(shí)際未發(fā)生的行為,用在與過去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)句中。

  例句: We didn?t know her telephone number, otherwise we might have telephoned her.

  分析: 該句是兩個(gè)并列分句,前一分句we didn?t know her telephone number相當(dāng)于一個(gè)與過去情況相反的虛擬語氣從句,即if we had known her telephone number...。

  譯文: 我們不知道她的電話號(hào)碼,要不然我們就會(huì)打給她。

  7. should/ought to +have done表示“本來應(yīng)該做某事而實(shí)際未做”。其否定形式表示“本來不應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際上已做了”。

  例句: Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. (選自2006年P(guān)art B)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,charging...是分詞短語作狀語表示伴隨;原因狀語從句because后又接一賓語從句。

  譯文: 現(xiàn)在他正在起訴這家賭場(chǎng),起訴該賭場(chǎng)在知道他已經(jīng)上癮的情況下而未拒絕他入場(chǎng)。

  例句: It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. (選自2000年Text 1)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,as引導(dǎo)一狀語從句,主句中it為形式主語,真正的主語為that this primacy should have narrowed。

  譯文: 隨著其他國家日益富強(qiáng)起來,(美國的)霸主地位逐漸下降是不可避免的。

  例句:Unhappy parents rarely are provoked to wonder if they shouldn?t have had kids, but unhappy childless folks are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world.(選自2011年Text 4)

  分析:該句是由but連接的兩個(gè)并列分句。其中,在前一個(gè)分句中,if they shouldn?t have had kids充當(dāng)wonder的賓語;在后一個(gè)分句中,the message后接一個(gè)同位語從句。

  譯文:不快樂的父母很少被激發(fā)對(duì)“自己是否本不該要孩子”的思考,但不快樂的無子女者會(huì)時(shí)常被“孩子是世界上唯一最重要的事情”這一信息所困擾。

  8.needn?t have done表示本來沒必要而實(shí)際已發(fā)生的行為。

  例句: As it turned out to be a small house party, we needn?t have dressed up so formally. (1998年第2題)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句,as在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句,表示原因。

  譯文: 原來只不過是一個(gè)小小的家庭聚會(huì),我們沒有必要穿戴得如此正式。

  例句: You needn?t have done all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of thing.

  譯文: 你本不需要做這些運(yùn)算!我們有做這類事情的計(jì)算機(jī)。

  另外: must/can?t be+名詞,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在肯定或否定的推測(cè),意為“一定是”、“一定不是”。

  例句: If no surplus is available, a farmer can?t be self?sufficient.(選自2000年Cloze Test)

  分析: 該句是復(fù)合句。

  譯文: 沒有余糧,農(nóng)民就不能自給自足。

  例句: For there to be successful communication there must be attentiveness and involvement in the discussion itself by all present. (1996年第8題)

  分析: 該句是簡(jiǎn)單句。

  譯文: 要達(dá)到成功交流的目的,所有在場(chǎng)的人都要集中精神,積極參加討論。

  9.didn?t need to do表示過去不必做,結(jié)果也未發(fā)生的行為。

  例句: He didn?t need to get up so early as usual because of illness, so he stayed in bed till the afternoon.

  分析: 該句是由so連接的兩個(gè)并列句。

  譯文: 由于生病,他不必像往日那樣早起,一直在床上躺到中午。

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