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考研英語(yǔ):8種信函寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大總結(jié)

時(shí)間:2023-05-02 05:56:25 考研英語(yǔ) 我要投稿
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2014考研英語(yǔ):8種信函寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大總結(jié)

1.信的基本類(lèi)型

2014考研英語(yǔ):8種信函寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)大總結(jié)

英文書(shū)信主要分為兩大類(lèi):私人信函和公務(wù)信函。私人信函是指與朋友、家人之間的往來(lái)書(shū)信,其內(nèi)容比較自由,只需要包括以下幾個(gè)部分即可:日期、稱(chēng)呼、正文、落款。公務(wù)信函類(lèi)型多樣,應(yīng)用范圍非常廣泛,屬正式文體,包括求職信、辭職信、拒聘信、詢(xún)問(wèn)信、復(fù)詢(xún)信、留學(xué)和獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金申請(qǐng)信、投訴信、答復(fù)賠償信等。此類(lèi)信件的共同特點(diǎn)是:1.內(nèi)容明確,不可漫無(wú)目標(biāo);2.措辭誠(chéng)懇,坦然,不能感情夸張;3.語(yǔ)言清晰、簡(jiǎn)潔、有禮。從形式上看應(yīng)該側(cè)重考查公務(wù)信函,因?yàn)橹挥写祟?lèi)信函才需用到書(shū)面語(yǔ)的正式語(yǔ)體。

2.各類(lèi)信函的內(nèi)容要點(diǎn)

以下主要針對(duì)公務(wù)信函,介紹幾種常見(jiàn)信函的基本特點(diǎn)。對(duì)于其他不同功能的信件,考生可以根據(jù)本書(shū)的介紹做到舉一反三。在備考階段,考生應(yīng)熟悉各類(lèi)信函的書(shū)寫(xiě)模式及常用話語(yǔ)并加強(qiáng)練習(xí)。

(1)求職信(Letters of Applying for a Job)

通常包含三個(gè)部分:a)引言部分寫(xiě)明寫(xiě)信原因、具體謀求的職位、獲得申請(qǐng)信息的來(lái)源(如:報(bào)紙廣告、熟人介紹)等。b)發(fā)展部分?jǐn)⑹鲎约耗軌騽偃卧撀毼凰邆涞臈l件,包括教育背景、工作經(jīng)歷、社會(huì)實(shí)踐等。這部分內(nèi)容要具體,不要空洞游說(shuō)或者列舉,用事實(shí)說(shuō)服會(huì)更有力。C)結(jié)尾部分再次表達(dá)對(duì)職位的渴望,爭(zhēng)取面試機(jī)會(huì)。如請(qǐng)求及時(shí)回信、希望當(dāng)面洽談、提供進(jìn)一步接觸的聯(lián)系方式或指出附件中有相關(guān)的證明文件等。

求職信的語(yǔ)言應(yīng)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、規(guī)范、得體。其常用套語(yǔ)有:

引言:I am writing to apply for the post of... advertised in...

In answer to your advertisement in... for the post of... , I would like to apply for...

I have learned from... (sb) of your opening/vacancy for... (job), and am therefore writing to apply for the post.

發(fā)展:I am now a senior student in (Department) of (University), and I expect to graduate in (date) with a degree in (discipline).

I receive my (degree) in (subject) from (name of university) in (date).

Since graduation, I have been working with (name of company/organization) as (job title)

I was awarded the prize of (title) in (month/year) for (eg. good performance in etc.)

I am confident that my academic training has prepared me to handle the job.

結(jié)尾:Enclosed are testimonials from my university teacher and my present employer.

If these meet your requirements, please grant me an interview.

(2)辭職信(Letters of Resignation)

正式的辭職信應(yīng)具備以下要素: a)受理者恰當(dāng)?shù)姆Q(chēng)呼; b)辭職決定及其理由(如:未受公司重用或尊重,健康、家庭或個(gè)人原因,另覓一份更適合自己的工作等); c)緩和氣氛的語(yǔ)句,如對(duì)原單位所給予工作機(jī)會(huì)以及提供的工作經(jīng)歷表示感謝,對(duì)因自己辭職而給對(duì)方帶來(lái)的不便表示歉意,表達(dá)對(duì)原單位的良好祝愿等等。

需要注意的是:避免負(fù)面評(píng)論。不論什么原因,不要對(duì)你的公司政策、老板、管理人員、同事做任何負(fù)面評(píng)價(jià)。

常用套語(yǔ)如下:

稱(chēng)呼:Dear Mr. Smith

(5)投訴信

投投訴信是因?yàn)閷?duì)服務(wù)、商品等不滿而向諸如商店、廠家、消費(fèi)者協(xié)會(huì)等相關(guān)負(fù)責(zé)機(jī)構(gòu)寫(xiě)的信件。寫(xiě)此類(lèi)信件時(shí)候,應(yīng)注意寫(xiě)信的目的不僅僅是表示不滿,更重要的是讓對(duì)方了解并解決你所遇到的問(wèn)題。因此投訴信的內(nèi)容可包括:

1)反映問(wèn)題。比如應(yīng)具體說(shuō)明什么質(zhì)量問(wèn)題,并提供確切的發(fā)票,問(wèn)題的內(nèi)容要明確而具體。

2)說(shuō)明由此問(wèn)題所帶來(lái)的不便、比如時(shí)間或精神上的損失等,內(nèi)容要實(shí)事求是。

3)提出解決方案,賠償方法和方式等,所提出的要求要合理。

4)結(jié)尾既要提出希望,比如要求對(duì)方盡快解決問(wèn)題,同時(shí)又要為對(duì)方做出的努力表示感謝,這樣對(duì)方才可能以積極的態(tài)度處理并解決你的問(wèn)題。

投訴信的語(yǔ)氣要堅(jiān)決,但注意禮貌用詞,不宜過(guò)分尖銳,敘述問(wèn)題時(shí)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。其常用套語(yǔ)有:

引言:I am returning... which I bought from your store in... (time).

I must complain about...

發(fā)展:This has put us to great inconvenience.

Therefore, I am returning... and would greatly appreciate if you could replace it.

結(jié)尾:We hope that you will understand our expectation of the compensation for our damaged goods.

I would be grateful if this matter would have your immediate attention.

Having been given your excellent reputation, I am sure you will do everything possible to...

(6)建議信

建議信是寫(xiě)信人希望對(duì)解決問(wèn)題有所幫助而向相關(guān)部門(mén)或者個(gè)人寫(xiě)的信件,其主要目的是提出自己的意見(jiàn),希望對(duì)方能夠采納并采取相應(yīng)行動(dòng)。為了達(dá)到交際目的,所提建議要合理、可行、容易讓對(duì)方接受。除此之外還需要注意語(yǔ)氣要和善,要與對(duì)方拉近距離而不可盛氣凌人。

建議信的內(nèi)容一般包括:1)提出亟待解決的問(wèn)題;2) 分析造成問(wèn)題的原因;3)提出解決辦法。

常用套語(yǔ)有:

提出問(wèn)題:It seems that … (not have desired effects, not have obtained the full attention; be not satisfactory/ perfect; have harmful/ deadly/ serious/negative effects)

I am …(deeply/ really/ seriously/ terribly/greatly) concerned / worried / sad / confused about…

分析原因:Currently, … especially … ;Therefore,… ;This leads to…; one of the factors is …;

It is understood that if…it will….

提出解決方法:In order to combat the growing problem of… , … should reduce/ increase/ ensure…; I think it would be more beneficial if you could….; I think it would be helpful to….

(7)道歉信

道歉信是寫(xiě)信人對(duì)未盡之事向收信人表示歉意。所有道歉信都需要注意的是:解釋的理由要真實(shí)而詳細(xì),態(tài)度要誠(chéng)懇、語(yǔ)言要誠(chéng)摯,從而使收信人理解,并達(dá)到最終諒解。道歉信的內(nèi)容可包括:1)表示歉意并說(shuō)明道歉的事因;2)解釋自己的難處或苦衷;3)請(qǐng)求原諒或提出補(bǔ)救的方法。

常用套語(yǔ)有:

表達(dá)歉意:There's no excuse for … I forgot to ….

I am indeed very sorry for …, but believe I had no intention to…

Here is my deepest apology for ...

Please forgive me for …

解釋苦衷:The fact is that I had …/ Unfortunately I …/ I had a small accident …/ I have some urgent business to deal with My behavior yesterday was inexcusable, and I must tell you how …

請(qǐng)求原諒提出補(bǔ)救方法:I want you to know how badly feel about… and to assure you that it will not happen again.

I realize that particular… is irreplaceable, but I hope you will use the enclosed check to purchase a similar one.

I hope this situation can be mended to everyone's satisfaction.

I can only hope you will forgive … on my part.

(8)感謝信

感謝信的目的是感激對(duì)方為自己的付出,感激之情要傳達(dá)得真摯自然,不要刻意夸大。感謝信所涉及的內(nèi)容多種多樣,比如可以感謝對(duì)方替自己做了一件事情,在自己痛苦時(shí)安慰了自己,出席了自己的宴會(huì)等等。其內(nèi)容包括:1)表達(dá)感激之情2)回顧事情的經(jīng)過(guò) 3)肯定對(duì)方幫助的價(jià)值以及對(duì)自己的影響,表達(dá)自己回報(bào)的愿望。

常用套語(yǔ)有:

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