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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀:如何總結(jié)理解的段落大意
下文用兩步教你快速總結(jié)出閱讀理解中的段落大意。
結(jié)論題與推理題在解題思路和方法上有許多相似之處，但是推理題偏重于推理過(guò)程，而結(jié)論題偏重于歸納過(guò)程。解答結(jié)論題時(shí)一定要根據(jù)題目要求，就短文有關(guān)內(nèi)容做出合乎邏輯的、可靠的結(jié)論。有時(shí)為了克服片面性，可以擴(kuò)大閱讀范圍，否則獲得信息的范圍太窄，結(jié)論便欠妥。因此，解答此類(lèi)試題既要以事實(shí)為依據(jù)，也要依據(jù)自己的常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn);既要重視文章主題，也要重視發(fā)展或印證主題的細(xì)節(jié);而尤為重要的是把握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。注意過(guò)于概括、過(guò)于全面或過(guò)于細(xì)節(jié)化的選項(xiàng)，往往屬于干擾項(xiàng)。
(1)先了解全文，把握主題
考生可以通過(guò)首尾段、文章結(jié)構(gòu)、或歸納整理各段信息迅速了解主題。然后再通過(guò)主題與細(xì)節(jié)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行合乎理性的歸納。
Example
The attacks on ambition are many and come from various angles; its public defenders are few and unimpressive, where they are not extremely unattractive. As a result, the support for ambition as a healthy impulse, a quality to be admired and fixed in the mind of the young, is probably lower than it has ever been in the United States. This does not mean that ambition is at an end, that people no longer feel its stirrings and promptings, but only that, no longer openly honored, it is less openly professed. Consequences follow from this, of course, some of which are that ambition is driven underground, or made sly. Such, then, is the way things stand: on the left angry critics, on the right stupid supporters, and in the middle, as usual, the majority of earnest people trying to get on in life. (2000年 Passage 5)
From the last paragraph the conclusion can be drawn that ambition should be maintained .
[A] secretly and vigorously
[B] openly and enthusiastically
[C] easily and momentarily
[D] verbally and spiritually
該段談到人們對(duì)雄心的攻擊遠(yuǎn)多于對(duì)它的維護(hù)，因此本應(yīng)是一種健康公開(kāi)的品質(zhì)得不到很多支持。第四句和第五句指出了不公開(kāi)表達(dá)雄心帶來(lái)的不良后果，由此可以推出人們不應(yīng)該隱瞞自己的雄心。此外，縱觀全文，作者提倡的是正確對(duì)待雄心，坦言自己的抱負(fù)。因此[B]選項(xiàng)"公開(kāi)而熱情地"是作者提倡的對(duì)待雄心的正確態(tài)度。
(2)把握作者的寫(xiě)作意圖
Example
No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word "amateur" does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. (2001年 Passage 1)
The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate.
[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation
[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
[C] the change of policies in scientific publications
[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
前一段談到，業(yè)余研究者進(jìn)入專(zhuān)業(yè)領(lǐng)域很難的趨勢(shì)在某些科學(xué)領(lǐng)域尤為突出，英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)的發(fā)展就說(shuō)明了這一問(wèn)題。后一段通過(guò)對(duì)19世紀(jì)英國(guó)地質(zhì)學(xué)及其出版物的變化、研究方式的變化、非專(zhuān)業(yè)人員研究過(guò)程的困難等的陳述，說(shuō)明專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和業(yè)余人員之間的分化越來(lái)越明顯。因此可引申推理出作者的寫(xiě)作目的正是描述[A]選項(xiàng) "職業(yè)化和專(zhuān)業(yè)化形成的過(guò)程"。
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