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考研英語：從出題角度看圖表作文謀篇布局
一、出題形式
例1題目：Changes in People’s Diet
Study the following table carefully and your composition must be based on the information given in the table. Write three paragraphs to:
1.state the changes in people’s diet(飲食)in the past five years;
2.give possible reasons for the changes;
3.draw your own conclusions.
You should quote as few figures as possible.
例2題目：Car Accidents Declining in Walton City
Remember that your composition must be written according to the following outline;
1.Rise and fall of the rate of car accidents as indicated by the graph;
2.Possible reason(s)for the decline of car accidents in the city;
3.Your predictions of what will happen this year.
Your composition should be no less than 120 words and you should quote as few figures as possible.
例3 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Health Gain in Developing Countries. Your composition must be no less than 120 words and you should base your composition on the following instructions(given in Chinese):
1. 以下圖為依據(jù)描述發(fā)展中國家的期望壽命(life expectancy)和嬰兒死亡率(infant mortality)的變化情況
2. 說明引起變化的各種原因
從以上例子可見，圖表作文一般在題目中給出作文的標(biāo)題和一個或幾個統(tǒng)計表格、圓形圖、曲線圖或條形圖，有時還用英文或中文提綱的形式給出提示，要求我們：
1)用文字描述圖表，客觀解釋圖表中所傳遞的信息，并找出某種規(guī)律或趨勢;
2)就圖表中所反映的某種趨勢或問題分析其原因或后果。
二、寫作要領(lǐng)
圖表作文著重說明事實，常常是通過對圖表中所反映的具體數(shù)據(jù)的說明、分析、比較，對某種事物或現(xiàn)象的事實或變化情況等加以說明，并提出結(jié)論或看法。因此，圖表作文常常采用議論文體的寫作方法。寫好圖表作文，關(guān)鍵在于能否讀懂圖表中所提供的信息，把握各信息間的聯(lián)系，用準(zhǔn)確流暢的語言把這一信息表達出來，并就這一信息發(fā)表自己的看法。
三、寫作步驟
寫圖表作文時，要注意遵循以下步驟：
1) 認真分析圖表的含義，弄清圖表中所含的信息及不同信息間的關(guān)系;
2) 確定文章的主題思想，構(gòu)思出文章的基本框架，篩選出能說明圖表主題思想的典型數(shù)據(jù);
3) 編列文章的提綱;
4) 根據(jù)文章的提綱，將各段的提綱內(nèi)容擴展成段落，然后將各個段落組成文章，注意段與段之間的銜接與過渡;
5) 檢查與修改。
四、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)
寫圖表作文時，常采用三段式的謀篇方式。文章的第一段往往分析圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)變化反映什么問題或趨勢，概述圖表所揭示的信息。第二段分析造成這一問題或趨勢的原因。第三段則展望未來的情況或提出解決問題的辦法或建議。這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以簡單地表述為：
第一段：概述圖表反映的主題思想
第二段：分析產(chǎn)生的原因
第三段：展望未來或提出方法或建議
五、作文模版(一)
問題解決型
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table)，it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):______.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world. Each of us should attach high emphasis on solving it.
As a matter of fact, the symbolic meaning the picture conveys is deep and profound. Naturally and necessarily, there are two major ways coping with this problem. The first way to tackle it is to appeal to authorities to take measures. Once achieving the success of solving the problem, the whole society also thrives/makes progress. Solving the problem can accelerate better individuals’development. The other way that is worth adopting is to work out new laws. Where there are better laws, there are more hopes, vitality and development. These advisable laws eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony. Finally, I can safely come to the conclusion that it is high time we enhanced the awareness of people that is every vital to us. Only by these means can we succeed in solving the problem in the near future.(1 Therefore, measures should be taken to terminate the ridiculous affair. First and foremost, governments should establish some regulations to prohibit enterprises and people from making such misdeeds. What’s more, people should get ready to pass criticism upon such misdeeds anytime and anywhere. After all, it is necessary to develop our society by performing hard work instead of talking nonsense.
In my opinion, it is imperative that we should take some drastic actions. On the one hand, we should appeal to our authorities to enact concrete laws to control commercial fishing. On the other hand, we should enhance people's awareness that ocean resources are vital to us and the ecological balance will be guaranteed with the strategy of sustainable development. Only by doing so can we effectively protect our natural resources. Also I am convinced that we humans can overcome this difficulty and we will have a bright future.)
To conclude, we should not yield to mediocrity regardless of seemingly insurmountable obstacles. So the prospect we are looking forward to will be bright and encouraging.
作文模版(二)
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型1
As is shown in the picture(graph\cartoon\table), it goes without saying that the drawing aims at revealing a common problem(in China):______. It has attracted extensive attention of the society. Nowadays, increasingly more argumentations about it can be found in TV programs,newspapers,university classes and many aspects of our everyday life.Its status as the focus of public concern mainly results from its profound influence on individuals, collective and even the whole world.
First of all, ______________is crucial for every individual.With its seemingly magic power, it can not only accelerate better individuals’development, but serve as an efficient instrument for individuals to change the world. Those equipped with it are always admired and respected, because it may endow them with more competence, chances, self-confidence to overcome difficulties and handle problems.Those people appear to possess a special charm,bringing to others hope, passion and surprise,and,thus winning others’favor and trust.It can directly promote the rapid progress of the organization with its energy and indirectly spurs continuous development with the good culture it generates.Through continuously promoting the social productivity, unceasingly improving the productive relationship, and gradually enriching human material and spiritual wealth, ______________eventually brings economic prosperity and social harmony.
In short, where there is better______________, there are more hopes, vitality and development. When we are benefiting from it, we shall also do our utmost to maintain its vitality to ensure ourselves a brighter future.
正面現(xiàn)象歌頌型2
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