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考研英語:定語從句和同位語從句三大區(qū)別
(一)連接詞作用不同。
以that為例,連接定語從句的that一定會(huì)在從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分;而連接同位語從句的that只起連接作用,不在從句中擔(dān)任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引導(dǎo)同位語從句,但不能引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞除了連接從句的作用外,還在定語從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成分,如主語、賓語、定語、表語等。引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞是關(guān)系詞,常見的關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞有that , which , who , whose , whom , when , where , why , as,than, but等
The fact that we talked about is very important.
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.
(二)先行詞不同。
定語從句先行詞既可以是人,也可以是物。相當(dāng)于形容詞。
The moon is a satellite that goes round the earth.
The few points that the president stressed in his report are very important.
同位語從句進(jìn)一步說明的是具有抽象概念的詞,其作用相當(dāng)于名詞,對(duì)前面的名詞進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充說明。如fact, result, discovery,belief , doubt , fact , hope , idea , news , possibility , thought , order , suggestion , wish , answer , information , conclusion , decision , discovery , knowledge , law , opinion , problem , promise , proof , question , report , truth , risk等等。
He has an idea that he can make the scientific instrument in a better way.
He expressed the hope that he would come to China.
(三)從引導(dǎo)詞來看
如果引導(dǎo)從句的詞為when表示時(shí)間,where表示地點(diǎn),why表示原因,how怎么樣,表示方式,而它前面的詞分別表示時(shí)間,地點(diǎn),原因,方式等意義,那它們就是關(guān)系副詞,引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。
I’ll never forget the day when I saw the Great Wall.
This is the room where LuXun once lived.
The question when we will start the work is not decided.
You have no idea how worried I was.
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