2015考研英語(yǔ)排序題大綱樣題及制勝方略
考研英語(yǔ)排序題要求考生將一組段落排序，使其意思通順。這就要求考生在閱讀各個(gè)段落時(shí)要把握它們的中心大意，并且將各段的段落大意整合，理清它們之間的邏輯順序。下面為考生備考提供2015考研英語(yǔ)排序題大綱樣題及制勝方略。
(一) 排序題制勝方略
該題型是一個(gè)排序題。要求考生將一組段落排序，使其意思通順。這就要求考生在閱讀各個(gè)段落時(shí)要把握它們的中心大意，并且將各段的段落大意整合，理清它們之間的邏輯順序。
(二) 排序題的解題步驟
(1) 仔細(xì)閱讀已經(jīng)給出的答案，尋找其中的邏輯關(guān)系，并且在卷子上劃去已經(jīng)給出的兩個(gè)答案。
(2) 閱讀選項(xiàng)和原文，確定目標(biāo)答案的位置。
(3) 通讀全文，確定語(yǔ)篇模式，檢查答案是否合理。
(三) 大綱樣題解析
Directions:
The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order for Questions 41~45,you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A~G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10 points)
[A] I just don?t know how to motivate them to do a better job. We?re in a budget crunch and I have absolutely no financial rewards at my disposal. In fact, we?ll probably have to lay some people off in the near future. It?s hard for me to make the job interesting and challenging because it isn?t—it?s boring, routine paperwork, and there isn?t much you can do about it.
[B] Finally, I can?t say to them that their promotions will hinge on the excellence of their paperwork. First of all, they know it?s not true.If their performance is adequate, most are more likely to get promoted just by staying on the force a certain number of years than for some specific outstanding act. Second, they were trained to do the job they do out in the streets, not to fill out forms.All through their career it is the arrests and interventions that get noticed.
[C] I?ve got a real problem with my officers. They come on the force as young, inexperienced men, and we send them out on the street, either in cars or on a beat. They seem to like the contact they have with the public, the action involved in crime prevention, and the apprehension of criminals. They also like helping people out at fires, accidents, and other emergencies.
[D] Some people have suggested a number of things like using conviction records as a performance criterion. However, we know that?s not fair—too many other things are involved. Bad paperwork increases the chance that you lose in court, but good paperwork doesn?t necessarily mean you?ll win. We tried setting up team competitions based on the excellence of the reports, but the guys caught on to that pretty quickly. No one was getting any type of reward for winning the competition, and they figured why should they labor when there was no payoff.
[E] “The problem occurs when they get back to the station. They hate to do the paperwork, and because they dislike it, the job is frequently put off or done inadequately. This lack of attention hurts us later on when we get to court. We need clear, factual reports. They must be highly detailed and unambiguous. As soon as one part of a report is shown to be inadequate or incorrect, the rest of the report is suspect. Poor reporting probably causes us to lose more cases than any other factor.”
[F] “So I just don?t know what to do. I?ve been groping in the dark in a number of years. And I hope that this seminar will shed some light on this problem of mine and help me out in my future work.”
[G] A large metropolitan city government was putting on a number of seminars for administrators, managers and/or executives of various departments throughout the city. At one of these sessions the topic to be discussed was motivation—how we can get public servants motivated to do a good job. The difficulty of a police captain became the central focus of the discussion.
Order:
G → 41. → 42. → 43. → 44. → 45. → F
[題解]
這篇樣題在7個(gè)段落中已給出篇首和篇尾段落在文章的位置。通過(guò)對(duì)文章首末段的閱讀，我們明顯可以看出本文的結(jié)構(gòu)屬于現(xiàn)象問(wèn)題解決型。
首段說(shuō)的是：一個(gè)大都市的市政府召開(kāi)各部門管理人員研討會(huì)。有一個(gè)研討會(huì)討論的話題是如何激勵(lì)公務(wù)員做好工作。在討論中，一位警察局警長(zhǎng)遇到的難題成了談?wù)摰慕裹c(diǎn)。除了這段話，其他段的話都有引號(hào)，表明是某人說(shuō)的話。尾段說(shuō)到：“所以我不知道如何是好。多年來(lái)我一直在黑暗中探索。我希望這次研討會(huì)能給我的難題帶來(lái)啟示，能幫我應(yīng)對(duì)未來(lái)的工作�！焙苊黠@，這是發(fā)言的總結(jié)句。結(jié)合第一段的內(nèi)容，我們可以知道，引號(hào)里的話是警察局警長(zhǎng)的話，而整篇文章主要講的是他面臨的難題。
接著，我們看A到E段，哪一段像發(fā)言的起始段呢?這就要看是哪一段把討論的話題引入。我們可以主要看每段的第一句話。我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)C段第一句話直截了當(dāng)?shù)攸c(diǎn)出話題：“I?ve got a real problem with my officers”，而且與首段的最后一句連接自然，所以我們可以判定41題空中應(yīng)該填C。C段的第一句話后，警長(zhǎng)開(kāi)始評(píng)價(jià)他的隊(duì)員。這一段的內(nèi)容較為正面。因?yàn)榫L(zhǎng)說(shuō)“有一個(gè)難題”，按邏輯順序，下一段落應(yīng)該出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，提出職員中存在的問(wèn)題。依照這樣的思路，我們?cè)谑Ｏ碌?段落中尋找，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)下一段選E連接最自然。C段先表?yè)P(yáng)職員對(duì)公眾的事積極、熱心，但是“The problem occurs when they get back to the station”(一回到警局問(wèn)題就出現(xiàn)了)。什么問(wèn)題呢?“They hate to do the paperwork...”警長(zhǎng)說(shuō)出了問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵——他們不喜歡寫公文。警長(zhǎng)還進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明了問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的麻煩。說(shuō)明了問(wèn)題，警長(zhǎng)又是怎么去解決的呢?他的解決方式是否奏效?順著這個(gè)思路，我們可以找出下兩段的順序是A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)。警長(zhǎng)是毫無(wú)辦法。難道就一點(diǎn)辦法都沒(méi)有嗎?其他人是怎么看的?在D段中，警長(zhǎng)提到有人建議通過(guò)勝訴記錄來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)，他們也進(jìn)行過(guò)小組之間的比賽，但是沒(méi)有什么效果。所以，警長(zhǎng)殷切地希望能在研討會(huì)上得到啟發(fā)和幫助。按照這樣的思路，這些段落就組成了一篇通順、完整的文章。
考生在做這樣的題型時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有把握，可以多列出幾種可能的順序，然后根據(jù)這些順序重讀文章，看思路是否順暢。完成此類題目關(guān)鍵是把握文章的主要話題和基本的邏輯順序。
[答案]
41. C 42. E 43. A 44. B 45. D
【考研英語(yǔ)排序題大綱樣題及制勝方略】相關(guān)文章：
明年考研英語(yǔ)大綱公布英語(yǔ)出排序題難度明顯加大04-05
考研英語(yǔ)段落排序題的解題技巧02-10