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2015年考研英語復習 語法長難句精析
考研英語長難句解析涉及到各個題型,考生如果能夠精確的理解長難句,然后再結合各題型的技巧,考生在做題時就可以得心應手了,當然,最基本的詞匯基礎是要貫穿到復習的各個階段,目前考生有了一定的詞匯基礎,并且對于基礎語法也有一定的了解,但是遇到長難句時就難以下手,下面老師給考生分享下如何精析長難句。
1. The physicist rightly dreads preciseargument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise loses allits force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed whereasan argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under smallperturbations of its underlying assumptions。
解析:本句的定語從句較多,首先要分清主干,然后根據(jù)從句調整語序:since后的主干是:an argument loses all its force,argument 后的that引導的是定語從句修飾argument,if引導的是條件狀語從句,if后的主干是:the assumptions are slightly changed. on which 修飾assumption, whereas后的主干是:an argument may well be stable. 其中that是引導argument的定語從句,under后面的是狀語。
參考翻譯:科學家有理由擔心精確的討論,如果基于這個討論的假設發(fā)生變化,那么這個值得信賴的討論就會失去它所有的威力,然而在潛在的假設下,這個雖不精確但還值得信賴的討論可能仍然值得擔憂。
2. He is referring to the upsurge ofinterest in mobile television, a nascent industry at the intersection oftelecoms and media which offers new opportunities to device-makers,content producers and mobile-network operators。
解析:本句的主干是:He is referring to the upsurgeof interest in mobile television. 逗號后是同位語從句修飾mobile television,在同位語從句中出現(xiàn)whichoffers new opportunities to device-makers, content producers and mobile-networkoperators. 引導的定語從句,補充說明nascent industry。
參考翻譯:他談到了眾人對移動電視的巨大興趣,這是一個在電信和媒體領域有交叉的新興產業(yè),它給設備制造商、電視內容制作者以及移動網絡運營商提供了新的機遇。
3. Meanwhile, Apple Computer, whichlaunched a video-capable version of its iPod portable music-player in October,is striking deals with television networks to expand the range of shows thatcan be purchased for viewing on the device, including “Lost”,
“Desperate Housewives” and “Law &Order”。
解析:本句比較長,出現(xiàn)了非定語從句的分隔結構,本句的主干是:Apple Computer is striking deals with television networks to expandthe range of shows…,出現(xiàn)了which launched a video-capable version ofits iPod portable music-player in October,引導的定語從句修飾Apple Computer。That引導的定語從句修飾shows。句末的分詞結構including“Lost”, “Desperate Housewives”and “Law &Order”作伴隨狀語,表明range ofshows的具體內容。
參考翻譯:與此同時,蘋果電腦公司在10月發(fā)售了一款可以觀看電視的便攜式音樂播放器iPod,該公司大大幫助了電視網絡擴大其可以供用戶購買的、用于在移動終端的節(jié)目范圍,
包括《迷失》、《絕望的主婦》以及《法律與秩序》。
以上便是我們與考生分享的語法長難句精析,希望考生們多做這方面的練習題,逐步掌握解析長難句的技巧。
2015年考研英語語法長難句精析(二)
考生在分析英語長難句時要注意語法在句子中的“混搭”,對于綜合語法的運用,考生要有能識別的慧眼,下面老師給考生詳細解析:
1. Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace that theyobey simple formulae such as Moore’s law, which acts as a battle plan for thesemiconductor industry。
解析:本句不是很長,結構比較清晰,主句為Some technologies do indeed improve at such a predictable pace thatthey obey simple formulae such as Moore’s law,這里考生要能識別出such…that…結構;后面的 which引導非限制性定語從句,修飾先行詞formulae such as Moore’s law,which在從句中作主語。
參考譯文:的確,有些技術的進步是以一種可預測的節(jié)奏進行著,它們遵循摩爾定律般簡單的公式,好比是半導體工業(yè)的行動計劃。
2. Visit many online sites to research a car, and they will sell your nameimmediately to local dealerships which will then harass you in theold-fashioned way。
解析:本句是and引導的兩個并列分句。注意前一分句省略了和后一分句相同的主語they(指代網絡銷售商)。同時也可以理解為是:祈使句+and+一般將來時,后一分句中,they will sell your nameimmediately to local dealerships是主句,關系代詞which引導定語從句whichwill then harass you in the old fashioned way,which指代上文的一整句話。
參考譯文:網絡銷售商通過訪問大量的網站去尋找一部車,然后就會把你的名字提供給當?shù)氐慕涗N商,這又會讓你重回到以前那種購車模式所帶來的困擾中。
3. Even China’s population will be declining bythe early 2030s, according to the UN, which projects that by 2050 populationswill be lower than they are today in 50 countries。
解析:本句的主句為China’s population will be declining by the early 2030s。其后的定語從句which projects that by 2050populations will be lower than they are today in 50 countries修UN,關系代詞在從句中作主語,注意這里project作動詞用,譯為“指出”,且從句里使用了比較級。
參考譯文:聯(lián)合國有關報告指出,即便是中國,到2030年初期人口也將開始遞減。這份報告同時還指出,到2050年,將有50個國家的人口低于今天的水平。
4. That is surely how history will judge moderncriticism of video games, which are accused of turning young people intoviolent criminals.
解析:本句的主句是主系表結構:That is surely how history will judge modern criticism of videogames,其中表語是how引導的名詞性從句,定語從句which are accused ofturning young people into violent criminals修飾video games,關系代詞which指代先行詞videogames,which在從句中作主語,考生要注意這里使用了被動語態(tài)be accused of,在翻譯時我們譯成主動。
參考譯文:對于當今時代那些控訴電視游戲使年輕人變成暴力罪犯的批評者們,歷史最終也將對他們作出同樣的批判。
以上便是老師與大家分享的語法在長難句中的應用,希望考生能夠認真總結句子中的語法,多練習,熟練掌握。
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