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2016考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段精讀復(fù)習(xí)方法及步驟
2015年3月份一開學(xué)，各位學(xué)子迎來了新的學(xué)期，這也就意味著考研復(fù)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)階段的黃金時期到來了，所以各位學(xué)子一定要抓住這段黃金復(fù)習(xí)期，提高自己的英語基礎(chǔ)水平。
考研英語基礎(chǔ)階段的主要任務(wù)是攻克詞匯和語法長難句。但是背單詞是各位考生最為頭疼的事情。與此同時，長難句由于缺乏語境也很難理解。面對此種情況，為各位學(xué)子推薦一種輕松記憶單詞和長難句的好方法。在這個階段，各位學(xué)子可以認(rèn)真研讀1994-2004年的真題，從真題中汲取營養(yǎng)，攻克詞匯和語法長難句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能夠?qū)?0年52篇文章做到精讀，相信大家的詞匯和語法長難句一定會有大的突破，并且為強化階段的學(xué)習(xí)奠定堅實的基礎(chǔ)。
基礎(chǔ)階段精讀復(fù)習(xí)方法及步驟：
1 快速瀏覽選項，把握文章主題
2 精讀各段落，攻克詞匯和語法長難句
3 作答題目，理解文章含義
4 翻譯全文，再次鞏固復(fù)習(xí)詞匯和語法長難句
下面我們?yōu)楦魑粚W(xué)子精細(xì)分析1994年Text1
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive， operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy， this mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus， price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.
The important factor in a private enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources （private property） ， and they are permitted to hire labor， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy， the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
1. In Para 1， “the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes” means ________.
[A] Americans are never satisfied with their incomes
[B] Americans tend to overstate their incomes
[C] Americans want to have their incomes increased
[D] Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes
2. The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that ________.
[A] producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production
[B] consumers can express their demands through producers
[C] producers decide the prices of products
[D] supply and demand regulate prices
3. According to the text， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by ________.
[A] private property and rights concerned
[B] manpower and natural resources control
[C] ownership of productive resources
[D] free contracts and prices
4. The text is mainly about ________.
[A] how American goods are produced
[B] how American consumers buy their goods
[C] how American economic system works
[D] how American businessmen make their profits
一、 快速瀏覽選項，把握文章主題
根據(jù)題干中“the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，a private-enterprise economy”，可知本篇文章屬于經(jīng)濟類文章，而且通過individuals和a private-enterprise economy可知本文一定與私有經(jīng)濟有關(guān)。
二、精讀各段落，攻克詞匯和語法長難句
詞匯精解
（1） enterprise （n.） 企（事）業(yè)單位，事業(yè)，事業(yè)心，進取心；private ~私人企業(yè)，
（2）orient （v.）為……定方向，為……定位，（n.）東方；oriental （a.） 東方的；-oriented后綴意思是：以……為目標(biāo)的，如：market- oriened以市場為導(dǎo)向的
（3）strive （v.） 奮斗，爭取，strive to/for/against 努力，爭取
（4）motive （n.） 動機，目的；（a.）運動的，發(fā)動的
（5）coupled with 與……結(jié)合在一起；couple （v.） 連接，結(jié)合
（6）mechanism （n.） 機制，機構(gòu)，機械裝置， mechanics（n.）力學(xué)，機械學(xué)
（7）bid （n. / v.） 出價，投標(biāo)， bid up 哄抬價格
（8）regulating （a.） 調(diào)節(jié)的，regulate （v.） regulation （n.）
（9）gain control over獲得對……的控制
（10） profit （n.）利潤，收益，益處，at a profit獲得利潤地；（v.）獲益，得利，有利于， profit by/from sth.
長難句精解
①The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
該句的主干是“The American economic system is organized around a… economy in which”， economy 前面的定語修飾成分是private-enterprise， market-oriented，后面是in which 引導(dǎo)的定語從句。從句的主干是“consumers determine what… by spending… for…”， what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，by引導(dǎo)的分詞結(jié)構(gòu)做狀語，而這個方式狀語中for引導(dǎo)的介詞短語又做動詞spend的目的狀語，此外，其中還嵌套了一個that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。
譯文：美國的經(jīng)濟體制是在基本上由私營企業(yè)組成并以市場為導(dǎo)向的經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ)上建立起來的。在這個經(jīng)濟體制上，需要生產(chǎn)什么主要是由消費者在市場上花錢購買他們最需要的商品和服務(wù)決定的。
②Thus， in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers ， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
此句的主干是it is… that together determine…強調(diào)句。couple
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