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法德并舉、文明治村論文
[摘要]為推動(dòng)農(nóng)村的法治進(jìn)程，政府一直在強(qiáng)調(diào)依法治村的方略。然而，在農(nóng)村法治實(shí)踐中卻出現(xiàn)了制度供給與社會(huì)需求之間的失衡。在這一情境下，重視運(yùn)用以德治村的方略則有助于解決因失衡而引發(fā)的種種問題，也有助于推動(dòng)依法治村的進(jìn)程，并最終實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村的長(zhǎng)治久安。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 依法治村；民間規(guī)范；以德治村；社會(huì)主義道德
Paying Equal Attention to Law and Virtue, Ruling the Village in a Civilized Way
————an Internal observation of Movement
of“Managing a Village According to Law”
Zhou Hua
(Law School, Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275)
Abstract: To advance the process of the rule of law in rural areas, the government has been insisting on the strategy of “managing the village according to law”. However , during the practice of rule of law in rural areas emerges the unbalance between the institutional supplies and the social demands. Under such situation, to attach importance on the strategy of “managing the village by virtue” may contribute to the settlement of various problems caused by the unbalance, while it can also help to advance the process of “managing the village according to law” and achieve the long-term stabilization in rural areas ultimately.
Keywords: Manage the village according to law, civilian norms, manage the village by virtue, socialist morality
一
我們知道法治道路可分為政府推動(dòng)型和社會(huì)演進(jìn)型兩類。打開國(guó)門后，要“盡快”變革國(guó)內(nèi)僵化的經(jīng)濟(jì)政治體制以應(yīng)對(duì)外部的壓力與挑戰(zhàn)是使中國(guó)走上政府推進(jìn)型法治道路的關(guān)鍵原因。在政府的推動(dòng)下，依法治國(guó)已成為全國(guó)上下的一致呼聲，而依法治村，也就成為依法治國(guó)的應(yīng)有之義。為使農(nóng)民“懂法”以推動(dòng)依法治村的進(jìn)程，政府在農(nóng)村積極開展了大規(guī)模的普法工作，這種普法采用的是自上而下的福利引導(dǎo)型模式，即由國(guó)家組織人力、物力來開展普法工作，引導(dǎo)村民逐步依據(jù)法律這種“正式規(guī)則”來規(guī)范自己的生產(chǎn)和生活。
十多年過去了，客觀而冷靜地看，農(nóng)村普法取得的真實(shí)成效很難令人滿意，村民法律意識(shí)的提高過于遲緩，不少“正式規(guī)則”并未如預(yù)期所料那樣落到實(shí)處。村民的法律意識(shí)很大程度上只是本村法治建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀的反映，我們不能單單指望村民上好法制教育課、聽好法制講座，依據(jù)教科書、宣傳冊(cè)上的概念去形成和增強(qiáng)法律意識(shí)。因?yàn)榇迕駛兏鼮殛P(guān)心的是“活法”、是“現(xiàn)狀中的法”。當(dāng)我們反觀農(nóng)村現(xiàn)狀時(shí)，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)普法宣傳與法治實(shí)踐之間存在著脫節(jié)，“正式規(guī)則”與“非正式規(guī)則”之間存在著信息的不對(duì)稱，甚至在某些方面仍存在著“書面法律”（ law in books ）與“實(shí)效法律”( law in actual operation )之間的嚴(yán)重對(duì)立。村民們讀完了從“送法進(jìn)村”活動(dòng)中得來的宣傳冊(cè)后，將其束之高閣，照舊依據(jù)著許多帶有傳統(tǒng)法律文化色彩的民間規(guī)范來組織社會(huì)生活，來調(diào)整生產(chǎn)和生活中大多數(shù)的矛盾和沖突。這種民間規(guī)范作為一種傳承
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