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英語(yǔ)which的用法
which的用法
1、在后置的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中代替上文出現(xiàn)的事物或者情況(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)).
2、在問句中作疑問代詞,在名詞從句中作為連接代詞用,其含義為“哪兒,哪些”.
3、如果非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞不是指主句內(nèi)容,而是指具體的人、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn),則不用which.
這里主要講解一下再定語(yǔ)從句中的用法：
一、關(guān)系代詞that和which在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),放在先行詞和定語(yǔ)從句之間,起聯(lián)系作用,指物時(shí),一般情況下可互換,如：
Here is the pen that/which you lost yesterday(that/which 指物作賓語(yǔ))
A plane is machine that/which can fly(that/which指物,做主語(yǔ))
He is the most careful boy that I know(that指人,作賓語(yǔ))
The man that works in this room is a chemist(that 指人,作主語(yǔ))
二、that、which在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),不能省略.作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)在口語(yǔ)中和非正式問題中經(jīng)常省略.如上例1和3中的that、which都可省略.
三、關(guān)系代詞在主語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)須賀先行詞一致.
wheat is a plant that/which is grown in the north of China.
四、在定語(yǔ)從句中,關(guān)系代詞that和which指物時(shí),一般沒有區(qū)別,但下列幾種情況中不能互換：
1、只能用that的情況：
a、先行詞為all、everything、nothing、anything、little等不定代詞(something后也可以用which)：
Is there anything (that) I can do for you town?
That is all (that) I Know.
b、先行詞被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)：
The first thing (that) we should do is to work out a plan.
c、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾時(shí)：
This is one of the most exciting football games(that)I have ever seen.
The nanjing yangtse river bridge is the longest bridge (that) they ever seen.
d、先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)：
This is the only thing (that) we can do now.
He gave me the same pen (that) were written by Lu Xun?
This is the very books that were
e、當(dāng)先行詞中即有人又有物時(shí)：
The man and the car (that)you want to see are all here .你想見的人和車斗在這.
f、that 可指人,which則不能.
who is the man that is reading new paper over there?
g、 在“the time when”等結(jié)構(gòu)和某些事件狀語(yǔ)中,when常被that代替,而且that往往被省略.
I may leave here any time I want to.
During the time I was there I visited him twice.
h、 way 后面可根由that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,但that一般都省略：
That was the way she looked after us.
在下列情況下,只能用which
a、放在介詞后面做介詞定語(yǔ)時(shí)：
This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion
但是,如果把介詞放在從句后部.這時(shí)which 就可換為that并常省略,如上例可以改為：
This is the question that we are had so much discussion about.
b、在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,無論指物指人,都不能用that,指物時(shí),只能用which和其他關(guān)系代詞,如：
All the books there,which have beautiful pictures in them,were written by him.
這個(gè)地方注意一下：引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞
引導(dǎo)詞：就是引導(dǎo)從句的詞,比如whether,how,what ,why,when等具有引導(dǎo)其后從句功能呢過得詞.
先行詞：定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞前面的被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞、代詞.在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一定的成分.
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