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英語語法被動語態(tài)講解

時間:2024-11-03 11:17:10 學(xué)人智庫 我要投稿
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英語語法被動語態(tài)講解

  這是CN人才網(wǎng)小編推薦的英語語法被動語態(tài)講解,歡迎閱讀。

英語語法被動語態(tài)講解

  1.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成

  由于不及物動詞不能帶賓語,故無被動語態(tài),只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的動詞短語才有被動語態(tài),其基本構(gòu)成方式是“助動詞be+過去分詞”。

  注意:“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)不一定都是被動語態(tài),有些動詞(如 be,feel,look,seem等)后面的過去分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞,用作表語表示狀態(tài)。如:

  My bike is broken.(我的自行車壞了。)

  The door is open.(門開了。)

  2.主動語態(tài)改被動語態(tài)的方法

  1)將主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)應(yīng)注意以下三個方面:①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語;②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu);③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語,放在謂語動詞之后(有時可省略)。

  2)含直接賓語和間接賓語的主動語態(tài)改為被動語態(tài)時有兩種情況:①把間接賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語,直接賓語仍保留原位;②把直接賓語改為主動語態(tài)的主語,此時,間接賓語前要加介詞to或 for。如:

  He gave the boy an apple.→ The boy was given an apple.(或An apple was given to the boy.)

  Her father bought her a present.→ She was bought a present by her father.(或A present was bought for her by her father.)

  3)不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語的主動語態(tài),改為被動語態(tài)時不定式前要加to。如:

  They watched the children sing that morning.→ The children were watched to sing that morning.

  4)帶復(fù)合賓語的動詞在改為被動語態(tài)時,一般把主動語態(tài)的賓語改為主語,賓語補足語在被動語態(tài)中作主語補足語。如:

  We call him Xiao Wang.→ He is called Xiao Wang.

  He cut his hair short.→ His hair was cut short.

  They told him to help me.→ He was told to help me.

  5)短語動詞是不可分割的整體,改為被動語態(tài)時要保持其完整性,介詞或副詞不可遺漏。如:

  We must take good care of the young trees.→The young trees must be taken good care of.

  6)含有賓語從句的主動結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時,通常用it作為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的先行主語,從句放在句子后面;也可采用另一種形式?梢赃@樣轉(zhuǎn)換為被動結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有know,say,believe,find,think,report等。如:

  People believe that he is ill.→It is believed that he is ill.(或:He is believed to be ill.)

  3.被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)的方法:

  被動語態(tài)中介詞by后的賓語改為主動語態(tài)中的主語(或按題意要求確定主語),按照這個主語的人稱和數(shù)以及原來的時態(tài)把謂語動詞形式由被動語態(tài)改為主動語態(tài)。注意在主動語態(tài)中有的動詞要求不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語,此時要把被動語態(tài)中的to去掉。被動語態(tài)的主語用來作主動語態(tài)的賓語。如:

  History is made by the people.→ The people make history.

  4.雙賓動詞即指帶雙賓語的動詞,它們在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,有以下兩種情形值得注意:

  (1) 有些雙賓動詞(如award, buy, give, leave, lend, offer, pay, show, teach, tell等)在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,既可把間接賓語(指人)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,而把直接賓語(指事物)保留下來(稱為保留賓語),也可把直接賓語(指事物)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語,而把間接賓語改為介詞to 或for引起的狀語(到底用to還是for,與所搭配的動詞有關(guān))。比較:

  He gave her some money. 他給她一些錢。

  對應(yīng): She was given some money. / Some money was given to him.

  He bought her a watch. 他給她買了一快表。

  對應(yīng) A watch was bought for her. / She was bought a watch.

  (2) 有些雙賓動詞(如bring, do, make, pass, sell, send, sing, write等)通常用直接賓語(指事物)作被動語態(tài)的主語,而將間接賓語用作保留賓語(其前根據(jù)情況用介詞to或for):

  Father made me a doll.

  對應(yīng): A doll was made for me.

  He wrote her a letter.

  對應(yīng): A letter was written to her.

  (3) 有些雙賓動詞(如answer, deny, envy, refuse, save, spare等)通常用間接賓語(指人)作被動語態(tài)的主語,而將直接賓語用作保留賓語:

  He answered me that question. 對應(yīng):

  I was answered that question by him.

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