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中考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法詳解：冠詞和數(shù)詞
一、冠詞的用法
冠詞是虛詞，放在名詞之前，用來(lái)說(shuō)明名詞指的人或事物。冠詞有兩種。
A(an)叫不定冠詞，the叫定冠詞。A用在輔音之前，an用在元音之前。
1. 不定冠詞的用法
(1)a和an均用在單數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：
John is a student.
Mary is an English teacher.
(2)指某一類人或事物中的任何一個(gè)。例如：
A steel worker makes steel.
Pass me an apple, please.
(3)指某人或某物，但不具體說(shuō)明何人或和物。例如：
A student wants to see you.
A girl is waiting for you outside.
(4)表示“每一”的意思，相當(dāng)于every。例如：
Take the medicine three times a day.
They go to see their parents once a week.
2.定冠詞用法
(1)特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。例如：
The book on the desk is an English dictionary.
Beijing is the capital of China.
(2)指說(shuō)話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或事物。例如：
Open the door, please.
Jack is in the library.
(3)上文提到過(guò)的人或事物。例如：
Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yuan.
(4)表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。例如：
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
(5)用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級(jí)之前。例如：
Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
January is the first month of the year.
(6)用在某些形容詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。例如：
The nurse is kind to the sick.
We should take good care of the old.
(7)用在某些專有名詞之前和某些習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。例如：
the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。
(8)用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫婦”。例如：
the Browns, the whites等。
3.不用冠詞的情況
(1)某些專有名詞，抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞前一般不用冠詞。例如：
China, Canada, Japanese, glass, water, love等。
(2)名詞前已有作定語(yǔ)用的this, that, my, your, whose, some, any, no, each, every等代詞時(shí)，不用冠詞。例如：
That is my cap.
I have some questions.
Go down this street.
(3)復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或事物時(shí)，不用冠詞。
They are workers.
We are students.
(4)稱呼語(yǔ)前不用冠詞，表示頭銜和職務(wù)的名詞前也不加冠詞。例如：
I don’t feel well today, Mother.
Bush was made president of the U.S.
(5)三餐飯的名稱前，球類活動(dòng)，學(xué)科和節(jié)目名詞前，常不用冠詞。例如：
I have lunch at home.
He often plays football after class.
We have English and maths every day.
(6)在某些固定詞組里，名詞之前常不用冠詞。例如：
By air, at night, at home, go to bed, go to school, on foot, from morning till night 等。
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