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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案解析

時(shí)間:2024-07-23 22:23:56 學(xué)人智庫(kù) 我要投稿
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考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案解析

  你的閱讀理解過(guò)關(guān)了嗎?下面是CN人才網(wǎng)小編整理的閱讀理解題,希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。

考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解練習(xí)題及答案解析

  Forthousands of Canadians, bad service is neither make-believe nor amusing. It isan aggravating and worsening real-life phenomenon that encompasses behaviorranging from indifference and rudeness to naked hostility and even physicalviolence. Across the country, better business bureaus report a lengtheninglitany of complaints about contractors, car dealers, and repair shops, movingcompanies, airlines and department stores. There is almost an adversarialfeeling between businesses and consumers.

  Expertssay there are several explanations for ill feeling in the marketplace. One isthat customer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailersresponded to brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as1~800 numbersand voice mail. Another factor is that business generally has begun placingmore emphasis on getting customers than on keeping them. Still another is thatstrident, frustrated and impatient shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable—especially at busier times of the year like Christmas. On both sides,simple courtesy has gone by the board. And for a multitude of consumers,service went with it.

  TheBetter Business Bureau at Vancouver gets 250 complaints a week, twice as manyas five years ago. The bureau then had one complaints counselor and now hasfour. People complain about being insulted, having their intelligence andintegrity questioned, and being threatened. One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door by somebody saying things like “I don't have to serve you!”or “This is private property, get outand don't come back! ” What can customers do? If the bureau's arbitration process fails tosettle a dispute, a customer's only recourse is to sue in claims court. Butbecause of the costs and time it takes, relatively few ever do.

  There isa lot of support for the notion that service has, in part, fallen victim togenerational change. Many young people regard retailing as just a bead-endjob that you're just going to do temporarily on your way to a real job. Youngclerks often lack both knowledge and civility. Employers have to train youngpeople in simple manners because that is not being done at home. Salespeopletoday, especially the younger ones, have grown up in a television-computersociety where they've interacted largely with machines. One of the biggestcomplaints from businesses about graduates is the lack of inter-personalskills.

  Whatcustomers really want is access. They want to get through when they call, theydon't want busy signals, they don't want interactive systems telling them topush one for this and two for that—they don't want voice mail. And ifcustomers do not get what they want, they defect. Some people go back to localsmall businesses: the Asian greengrocer, a Greek baker and a Greek fishmonger.They don't wear name tags, but one gets to know them, all by name.[490 words]

  1?At a business place of badservice, the worst one can get is._________

  [A] indifference and rudeness

  [B] naked hostility and physicalviolence

  [C] having intelligence and integrityquestioned

  [D] being insulted and threatened

  2?One of the reasons for such illfeeling in the marketplace is that.________

  [A] shoppers are usually strident,frustrated and impatient

  [B] shoppers often take businesses tocourt

  [C] businesses use new technologyinstead of employees

  [D] businesses try every means to getcustomers

  3 Whatchanges have taken place at Vancouver Better Service Bureau in the past fiveyears?

  [A] More effective.

  [B] Less bureaucracy.

  [C] More business.

  [D] Better staff.

  4?Young clerks often lackinterpersonal skills chiefly because they____________

  [A]are skilled in dealing withmachines, not people

  [B]are not trained in simple mannersat home

  [C]fall victims to generationalchange

  [D]take retailing to be a temporaryjob

  5?The author's attitude towardsbusinesses and bad service is_________.

  [A]attacking

  [B]understanding

  [C]regretting

  [D]warning

  核心詞匯

  defect n.[C]缺陷,瑕疵;不足之處例:All the cars are tested fordefects before they leave the factory.所有汽車在出廠之前都要檢查有無(wú)缺陷。

  vi. * to leave your own country or a group in order to go to or join anopposing one逃離;背叛,變節(jié)(后跟介詞from)例:She defected from the Liberals andjoined the Socialists. 她脫離自由黨,加入了社會(huì)黨。

  encompassvt. ① to completely cover or surround sth. 覆蓋;包圍,環(huán)繞例:a reservoir encompassed bymountains群山環(huán)繞的水庫(kù) *②包含,包括例:The course will encompass physics,chemistry and biology.課程將包括物理、化學(xué)和生物學(xué)。

  indifference n.*① lack ofinterest or concern不關(guān)心,不在乎例:show indifference to personal affairs不計(jì)較個(gè)人的事②不重要,無(wú)關(guān)緊要例:a matter of indifference無(wú)關(guān)緊要的事;in?否定前綴,用于構(gòu)成形容詞和名詞,表示“不,非,無(wú)”例:insensitive a.不敏感,inability n.沒(méi)辦法,沒(méi)能力

  make?believe n. [U]由動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)make believe變過(guò)來(lái)的復(fù)合名詞,意為“假裝,假扮,虛構(gòu)”例:She told me that her parents aremillionaires, but it?s all just make?believe.她告訴我她父母是百萬(wàn)富翁,但這一切都屬子虛烏有。

  超級(jí)詞匯

  fishmonger n. 魚(yú)販,魚(yú)商;monger n. 商人,販子,如warmonger戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)販子

  litany n.(對(duì)一系列事件、原因等)枯燥冗長(zhǎng)的陳述例:a litany of complaints喋喋不休的抱怨

  recourse n. *①求助,求援(的對(duì)象);(得救的)辦法、手段例:get over difficulties withoutrecourse to outside help不求外援克服困難②(法律上的)追索權(quán)

  strident a.(說(shuō)話聲音)刺耳的,尖銳的,不和諧的

  長(zhǎng)難句分析

  One is thatcustomer service was an early and inevitable casualty when retailers respondedto brutal competition by replacing employees with technology such as 1~800 numbers and voice mail.

  該句主干是One isthat…。that 引導(dǎo)的是表語(yǔ)從句,其中又嵌套了一個(gè)復(fù)合句:主句是customer service was an casualty, 從句是when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。

  語(yǔ)篇分析

  本文題材涉及商業(yè)服務(wù),作者對(duì)加拿大存在的劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象予以剖析,并呼吁商家改善對(duì)顧客的服務(wù)。它是一篇現(xiàn)象解釋型文章,按照“指出現(xiàn)象—解釋現(xiàn)象—提出解決方案”的脈絡(luò)展開(kāi)論述,可以分成三大部分。

  第一段為第一部分,指出現(xiàn)象:劣質(zhì)服務(wù)成為加拿大日益嚴(yán)重的社會(huì)問(wèn)題(aggravating and worsening real?life phenomenon)。

  首句給出了文章要論述的話題(badservice)以及作者對(duì)它的嚴(yán)肅態(tài)度(neither make?believe nor amusing)。該段使用列舉法,說(shuō)明:①劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的類型多樣:從漠不關(guān)心(indifference)、粗俗無(wú)禮(rudeness)到不加掩飾的惡意(naked hostility)甚至身體暴力(physical violence)。②劣質(zhì)服務(wù)涉及的行業(yè)眾多(report a lengthening litany ofcomplaints)。末句指出劣質(zhì)服務(wù)造成的后果:商家和消費(fèi)者之間幾乎產(chǎn)生了一種敵對(duì)的情緒(adversarial feeling)。

  第二、三和四段為第二部分,解釋現(xiàn)象。

  第二段:引用專家的觀點(diǎn)從商家和顧客兩方面分析產(chǎn)生敵對(duì)情緒的原因:①商家提供的客戶服務(wù)中技術(shù)取代了員工(replacing employees withtechnology);②商家重點(diǎn)放在贏得顧客而不是保持顧客上(more on getting customers than on keepingcustomers);③顧客經(jīng)常惹惱店主并使其變得更加不友好(shoppers vex shop owners and make them evenless hospitable)。

  第三段:首先進(jìn)一步指出劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,其表現(xiàn)在于:①渥太華優(yōu)化商務(wù)局受理的投訴案件和聘用的投訴顧問(wèn)數(shù)量增多(complaints twice as many as fiveyears ago; now has four counselors);②顧客抱怨受到侮辱和威脅(being insulted and threatened)。該部分舉例說(shuō)明商家的惡劣態(tài)度(One will hear about people beinghauled almost bodily out the door)。

  接著該段以設(shè)問(wèn)的形式說(shuō)明遭到惡劣對(duì)待的顧客能夠采取的對(duì)策:①依靠?jī)?yōu)化商務(wù)局的仲裁;②如果仲裁失敗(fails to settle a dispute),顧客只能向法庭提出訴訟(sue in claims court),但是因?yàn)樵V諸法庭費(fèi)用高、時(shí)間長(zhǎng)(the costs and time it takes),所以很少有人這么做。該部分從消費(fèi)者不能有效地維護(hù)自己的權(quán)益的角度,間接地解釋了劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象日益嚴(yán)重的原因。

  第四段:從年輕人的角度分析造成劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象的原因:①只將銷售看作是臨時(shí)的工作(do temporarily);②缺少知識(shí)和禮貌(lack both knowledge and civility);③缺少人際交往技能(lack of inter?personal skills)。

  第五段為第三部分,提出解決方案:商家應(yīng)與顧客直接接觸(access)。

  句子“If customersdo not get what they want, they defect”表明了作者的態(tài)度,即,作者警告商家如果不與顧客接觸,可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致顧客的流失。文章最后提供了地方小商販的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),建議商家予以借鑒。

  試題命制分析

  通過(guò)對(duì)文章的整體分析,我們可以從以下幾個(gè)方面命題,考查考生的閱讀理解能力。

  1. 事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

  (1)針對(duì)文章第一段列出的劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的類型,可以就其程度進(jìn)行考查,參見(jiàn)試題1。還可以問(wèn)哪個(gè)是程度最輕的劣質(zhì)服務(wù)?[A]身體暴力;[B]粗俗無(wú)禮;[C]漠不關(guān)心;[D]不加掩飾的惡意。(答案:[C])

  (2)可以綜合考查劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象的特點(diǎn),包括:日益嚴(yán)重、類型多樣、涉及行業(yè)眾多等。

  (3)針對(duì)商家和消費(fèi)者之間存在的敵對(duì)情緒,可以考查其原因,參見(jiàn)試題2。

  (4)針對(duì)優(yōu)化商務(wù)局,可以考查其發(fā)生了什么變化,參見(jiàn)試題3。

  (5)可以考查顧客對(duì)劣質(zhì)服務(wù)采取的應(yīng)對(duì)措施,如:遭到惡劣對(duì)待的顧客往往會(huì)做什么?[A]使用身體暴力;[B]向新聞媒介投訴;[C]期待優(yōu)化商務(wù)局的仲裁;[D]提出訴訟。(答案:[C])

  (6)從年輕人的角度,可以考查劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象的原因,也可以考查年輕人身上存在的問(wèn)題,參見(jiàn)試題4。

  2. 作者觀點(diǎn)、態(tài)度題

  (1) 可以考查作者認(rèn)為改善劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的方法是什么。

  (2) 末段作者呼吁商家改善對(duì)顧客的服務(wù),由此可以考查作者對(duì)商家及劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象的態(tài)度,參見(jiàn)試題5。

  3. 推理引申題

  (1) 第一段提到優(yōu)化商務(wù)局報(bào)道全國(guó)各類投訴事件,第三段提到優(yōu)化商務(wù)局受理投訴案件、聘用投訴顧問(wèn)、解決爭(zhēng)端。因此可以考查推理優(yōu)化商務(wù)局是什么類型的組織?

  (2) 第三段從多個(gè)層次分析顧客對(duì)劣質(zhì)服務(wù)采取的對(duì)策,可以考查由此能推出的結(jié)論,如:[A]消費(fèi)者更喜歡仲裁而不是上訴;[B]劣質(zhì)服務(wù)現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重的原因之一是消費(fèi)者不能有效地維護(hù)權(quán)益;[C]法庭往往偏袒商家而不是顧客;[D]優(yōu)化商務(wù)局處理投訴案件的效率很低。(答案:[B])

  4. 詞義句意題

  考查第四段第一句Servicehas, in part, fallen victim to generational change的含義。

  5. 寫(xiě)作目的題

  考查文章最后作者提到地方小商販的目的是什么。

  試題精解

  1.在一個(gè)有著劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的商業(yè)場(chǎng)所人們所受到的最惡劣的待遇是——。

  [A]漠不關(guān)心和粗魯[B]不加掩飾的惡意和身體暴力

  [C]智力和正直遭到質(zhì)疑[D]受到侮辱和威脅

  [精解]答案B本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第一段第二句提到,劣質(zhì)服務(wù)是真實(shí)的生活現(xiàn)象,包括從漠不關(guān)心、粗俗無(wú)禮到不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力等一系列行為。以上三種行為按照嚴(yán)重程度遞增排列。第三段提到,人們?cè)谕对V信中抱怨受到侮辱、自己的智力和正直遭到質(zhì)疑、受到威脅。接著文中舉了一個(gè)例子形象地說(shuō)明了顧客受到的最糟糕的待遇。句子結(jié)構(gòu)one will hear... 表示作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的口吻,“連……的事情也有所耳聞”。而這個(gè)例子正好是“不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力”。因此[B]項(xiàng)是最惡劣的待遇。

  2.市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)這種不良情緒的原因之一是——。

  [A]購(gòu)物者經(jīng)常是吵鬧的、失望的和沒(méi)有耐心的

  [B]購(gòu)物者經(jīng)常把商家告上法庭

  [C]商家使用技術(shù)替代員工

  [D]商家利用各種手段來(lái)贏得顧客

  [精解]答案C本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第二段分析了三個(gè)原因。第一個(gè)原因是:零售商應(yīng)對(duì)殘酷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)采用技術(shù)取代員工。第二個(gè)原因是:商家一般都開(kāi)始把重點(diǎn)更多放在贏得顧客而不是保持顧客上。第三個(gè)原因是:一些吵鬧的、失望的沒(méi)有耐心的購(gòu)買(mǎi)者經(jīng)常惹惱店主。由此可判定[C]項(xiàng)是原因,[A]項(xiàng)將原文中的個(gè)別現(xiàn)象變成了經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的普遍現(xiàn)象,與事實(shí)不符。[B]項(xiàng)文中未提。文中強(qiáng)調(diào)的原因是商家沒(méi)有重視保持顧客,[D]與文意不符。

  3.在過(guò)去五年里渥太華的優(yōu)化商務(wù)局有什么改變?

  [A]效率更高。[B]官僚作風(fēng)減少。

  [C]更多的務(wù)業(yè)。[D]更好的職員。

  [精解]答案C 本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第三段首句提到,渥太華的優(yōu)化商務(wù)局在一周之內(nèi)收到的投訴數(shù)量是五年前的兩倍。該局的投訴顧問(wèn)也由那時(shí)的一個(gè)變成了四個(gè)。投訴多了,業(yè)務(wù)自然更繁忙了,因此[C]項(xiàng)正確。其他項(xiàng)文中未提到。

  4.年輕的職員缺乏人際間交往技巧主要是因?yàn)樗麄儭?/p>

  [A]擅長(zhǎng)與機(jī)器而非人打交道[B]在家沒(méi)有接受簡(jiǎn)單的禮儀訓(xùn)練

  [C]成為代與代之間變化的受害者[D]將零售視為臨時(shí)的工作

  [精解]答案A 本題考查事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)。第四段首句提到一種普遍存在的觀念,即服務(wù)成了代與代之間變化的受害者。接下來(lái)的內(nèi)容對(duì)該句進(jìn)行了闡述:年輕人將零售視為跳板性質(zhì)的工作;缺少知識(shí)和禮貌;年輕人成長(zhǎng)過(guò)程中大多和機(jī)器交流。該段最后一句作者借用商家的抱怨,指出他們?nèi)鄙偃穗H間的交際技能?梢(jiàn),只有[A]項(xiàng)與年輕職員人際交流能力差相關(guān),且是直接原因。其他項(xiàng)是年輕人其他方面的表現(xiàn)。

  5.作者看待商業(yè)和劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的態(tài)度是——。

  [A]攻擊的[B]理解的[C]懊悔的[D]警告的

  [精解]答案D本題考查作者態(tài)度。文中作者主要描述了劣質(zhì)服務(wù)的存在及分析其原因。在最后一段里,作者用與商業(yè)部門(mén)和服務(wù)行業(yè)對(duì)話的口吻說(shuō)到,顧客真正想要的是一個(gè)接近的機(jī)會(huì)。如果顧客得不到他們想要的服務(wù),他們就會(huì)跑掉?梢(jiàn),作者是在警告并呼吁服務(wù)行業(yè)找出其問(wèn)題根源所在以便改善服務(wù)。[D]項(xiàng)是其正確的態(tài)度。其他項(xiàng)都不恰當(dāng)。

  全文翻譯

  對(duì)于數(shù)以千計(jì)的加拿大人來(lái)說(shuō),劣質(zhì)服務(wù)既不是虛假的也不是好笑的,它是一個(gè)正在不斷惡化的現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的現(xiàn)象,包括從漠不關(guān)心、粗俗無(wú)禮到不加掩飾的惡意甚至身體暴力等一系列行為。優(yōu)化商務(wù)局在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)長(zhǎng)篇累牘地報(bào)道各類投訴事件,這些投訴的對(duì)象包括承包商、汽車商、修理店、搬家公司、航空公司以及百貨商店。在商家和消費(fèi)者之間幾乎產(chǎn)生了一種敵對(duì)的情緒。

  專家們說(shuō),關(guān)于市場(chǎng)上產(chǎn)生這種不良情緒有如下幾種解釋。一方面當(dāng)零售商應(yīng)對(duì)殘酷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)用1到800的數(shù)目和語(yǔ)音郵件等技術(shù)取代員工后,客戶服務(wù)就成了早期的也是不可避免的受害者。另一個(gè)原因是,商業(yè)一般都已經(jīng)開(kāi)始把重點(diǎn)更多放在贏得顧客而不是保持顧客上。此外,一些吵鬧的、失望的、沒(méi)有耐心的購(gòu)買(mǎi)者經(jīng)常惹惱店主并使其變得更加不友好,尤其是在像圣誕節(jié)這樣一年之中比較繁忙的時(shí)節(jié)。雙方都將簡(jiǎn)單的禮貌置之腦后,因此對(duì)于大量的消費(fèi)者來(lái)說(shuō),服務(wù)隨之而去。

  渥太華的優(yōu)化商務(wù)局在一周之內(nèi)收到了250份投訴,這個(gè)數(shù)字是五年前的兩倍。該局的投訴顧問(wèn)也由那時(shí)的一個(gè)變成了四個(gè)。人們抱怨受到侮辱,自己的智力和正直也遭到質(zhì)疑,還會(huì)受到威脅。有人一邊喊著“我沒(méi)有必要為你服務(wù)”或者“這是私人領(lǐng)地,請(qǐng)你出去,不要再來(lái)了”這樣的話一邊將顧客推出門(mén)外,連這樣的事情也有所耳聞。顧客能做些什么呢?如果優(yōu)化商務(wù)局的仲裁程序未能成功地解決爭(zhēng)端的話,顧客惟一能做的就是向賠償法庭提出訴訟,但是那樣要花費(fèi)很多的金錢(qián)和時(shí)間,因此很少有人去做。

  人們普遍支持這一觀念,即服務(wù)已經(jīng)部分地成了代與代之間變化的受害者。許多年輕人將零售視為跳板性質(zhì)的工作,是找到真正的工作前暫時(shí)做的事情。年輕的服務(wù)員缺少知識(shí)和禮貌。雇主必須給年輕人進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的禮儀培訓(xùn),因?yàn)樵诩依餆o(wú)法進(jìn)行。今天的銷售員,尤其是較為年輕的人,是在電視和計(jì)算機(jī)的社會(huì)中成長(zhǎng)起來(lái)的,在這樣的社會(huì)中,他們大多和機(jī)器互相交流。商家對(duì)畢業(yè)生最常有的抱怨之一就是:他們?nèi)鄙偃伺c人之間的交際技能。

  顧客真正想要的是一個(gè)接近的機(jī)會(huì)。他們希望打電話時(shí)有人接而不是聽(tīng)到忙音信號(hào)。他們不想要交互系統(tǒng)告訴他們“如果……請(qǐng)按1,如果……請(qǐng)按2”,他們不想要語(yǔ)音郵件。如果顧客得不到他們想要的服務(wù),他們就會(huì)跑掉。一些人愿意與當(dāng)?shù)氐男∩特湸蚪坏,比如:亞洲菜販,希臘面包師和希臘魚(yú)販。他們不佩戴胸牌,但是顧客卻通過(guò)名字認(rèn)識(shí)他們。

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