語法是掌握英語的一個基礎(chǔ),打好這個基礎(chǔ)會使你分析文章更容易,也能夠?qū)懗龊芎玫木涫?小編整理了主謂一致的語法點,供大家學(xué)習(xí)參考。
主謂一致
I.要點
謂語受主語支配,須和主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致,這叫做主謂一致,主謂一致包括語法一致、意義上一致和就近一致。
1、語法上一致
(1)、以單數(shù)名詞或代詞,動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),主語為復(fù)數(shù)時,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),如,
To work hard is necessary for a student.
(2)、用and或both……and連接的并列主語,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),如,
Both he and I are right.
但并列主語如果指的是同一人,同一事物或同一概念,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如, His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.
(3)、主語是單數(shù)時,盡管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like等,謂語動詞仍用單數(shù),如,
The teacher as well as his students is excited.
(4)、某些不定代詞,如做主語,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),如:Everyone has a book.
(5)、一些只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞,如people, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù),如,A lot of people are dancing outside.
2、意義上一致
(1)、表時間、距離、價格、度量衡等的名詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù),如,
Twenty years is not a long time.
(2)、表示總稱意義的名詞public, police, cattle, clothes等作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),如,
People are talking about the accident.
(3)、有些集合名詞,如family, team等作主語,如作為一個整體看待,謂語動詞用單數(shù),如指其中每個成員,則用復(fù)數(shù),如,
My family is a big one.
My family are watching TV.
3、鄰近一致
用連詞or, either……or, neither……nor, whether……or, not only…but also,等連接的并列主語,如果一個是單數(shù),一個是復(fù)數(shù),則謂語動詞按就近一致原則,與最靠近它的主語一致,如,
Either you or I am mad.
II.例題
例1、The chemical works _______ where my father has worked for thirty years in 1949.
A. was built B. were built C. is built D. are built
解析:該題答案為A。works形式上是復(fù)數(shù),意思上是單數(shù),因此謂語動詞用單數(shù),類似的還有news, maths, politics, physics.
例2、They each _______ a copy of the new physics.
A. have B. has C. having D. gets
解析:該題答案為A。They each不等于each of …, each of 這個詞組作主語謂語用單數(shù)如each of the students hands in their homework,而they each作主語,謂語要隨each前面的詞來變化。