sketch

　　n.素描;略圖，草圖;梗概 v.繪略圖;速寫，寫生

　　【例】He did a sketch of the ballet dancers.他為這些芭蕾舞者花了一張素描。

　　【同義替換】describe, picture, draft, outline, description, account

　　【派生】sketchy a.概要的，略圖的;不完全的;不確定的 sketcher n.作素描者，舞臺布景設(shè)計者

　　【真題】This account of yourself is actually a sketch of your working life and should include education, experience and references.

　　自我介紹實(shí)際是對你工作生活的概括，應(yīng)該包括所受教育、社會經(jīng)歷和推薦信。

　　moderate

　　v.緩和;使適中 a.有節(jié)制的;中等的，適度的;溫和的，穩(wěn)健的

　　【例】In fact, he is a man with moderate views.事實(shí)上，他是一個一件溫和的人。

　　【同義替換】temperate, abstinent; modest, medium; mild

　　【派生】moderately ad. 適度地;有節(jié)制地 moderation n.適度;節(jié)制;溫和

　　【真題】If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.

　　如果該合法團(tuán)體的這一不太過分的目的能得以實(shí)現(xiàn)，那么提供產(chǎn)品信息實(shí)際上可能是為了顧客的利益，而不是為了保護(hù)公司免除法律責(zé)任。

　　budget

　　n.預(yù)算 v.做預(yù)算

　　【例】If we budget carefully, we will be able to afford a new car.如果我們精打細(xì)算，就能買一輛新汽車了。

　　【同義替換】spend

　　【派生】budgetary a.預(yù)算的

　　【真題】An old saying has it that half of all advertising budgets are wasted——the trouble is, no one knows which half.

　　老話說得好，“所有廣告預(yù)算的一半都浪費(fèi)了”�？蓡栴}在于，沒有人知道那一半浪費(fèi)在什么地方了。

　　boost

　　n./v.提升;增加

　　【例】The information industry boosted the global economy.信息產(chǎn)業(yè)促進(jìn)了全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展。

　　【同義替換】promote, facilitate, enhance; increase, augment

　　【真題】Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, boosting heart rate and oxygen consumption.

　　笑確實(shí)會使心臟和心血管的功能產(chǎn)生短時間的變化，它會加快心率和氧消耗。

　　specialize

　　v.(in)專攻，專門研究，專業(yè)化

　　【例】The ship around the corner specializes in chocolates.拐角那家商店專門出售巧克力。

　　【構(gòu)詞】special(專門的)+-ize(使……)→專攻

　　【同義替換】major, particularize

　　【派生】specialized a.專攻的 specialization n.專門化，特殊化

　　【真題】Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized.

　　在他去世之前，新聞業(yè)的品味就早已改變了。并且后現(xiàn)代的讀者們很少閱讀他所擅長的經(jīng)過華麗裝飾的維多利亞和愛德華時期風(fēng)格的文章。

　　retreat

　　n./v.撤退，退卻

　　【例】Retreat from unpleasant realities into comforting illusions rarely solves any problems.逃避令人不愉快的現(xiàn)實(shí)而沉迷于舒適的幻想，是解決不了任何問題的。

　　【同義替換】retire, withdraw

　　【真題】It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as other countries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance proved painful.

　　隨著其他國家日益強(qiáng)盛，美國的這一優(yōu)勢地位逐漸下降是不可避免的。從優(yōu)勢地位上退出的痛苦也同樣是不可避免的。