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中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):with和賓語補(bǔ)足語
在我們平凡的學(xué)生生涯里,大家最不陌生的就是知識(shí)點(diǎn)吧!知識(shí)點(diǎn)在教育實(shí)踐中,是指對某一個(gè)知識(shí)的泛稱。哪些才是我們真正需要的知識(shí)點(diǎn)呢?下面是小編為大家收集的中考英語知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié):with和賓語補(bǔ)足語,希望對大家有所幫助。
with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語是一個(gè)十分有用的結(jié)構(gòu),具體地說,它有以下幾種類型:
1.with+賓語+形容詞
He often sleeps with the windows open.他常開著窗睡覺。
Don’t speak with your mouth full.不要滿嘴巴食物說話。
2.with+賓語+副詞
He stood before his teacher with his head down.他低著頭站在老師面前。
He was lying on the bed with all his clothes on.他和衣躺在床上。
3.with+賓語+名詞
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.他去世時(shí),女兒還是個(gè)小學(xué)生。
4.with+賓語+介詞短語
She said good-bye with tears in her eyes.她含著眼淚說了聲再見。
He was asleep with his head on his arms.他頭枕著胳膊睡著了。
5.with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)
He fell asleep with the lamp burning.他沒熄燈就睡著了。
I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill.因?yàn)閶寢層胁,我無法去度假。
6.with+賓語+過去分詞(短語)
He sat there with his eyes closed.他閉目坐在那兒。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.整個(gè)下午他都鎖著門在房里工作。
7.with+賓語+不定式(短語)
I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.要洗這些衣服,我無法出去了。
With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish it in time.有這么多人幫忙,我們一定能按時(shí)完成。
賓語補(bǔ)足語
在英語中有些及物動(dòng)詞,接了賓語意義仍不完整,還需要接有其他的句子成分,來補(bǔ)充說明賓語的意義、狀態(tài)等,稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語,簡稱賓補(bǔ)。
I heard Jean singing this morning.
句中的Jean 是賓語,但是主語"I "聽到的并不是Jean,而是Jean singing。singing 是句中的賓語補(bǔ)足語,它和賓語之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,也就是說從邏輯上來講,是Jean執(zhí)行了singing的動(dòng)作。
能夠充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的賓語補(bǔ)足語大致有:不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,過去分詞,形容詞,副詞,介賓短語等。一般情況下,賓補(bǔ)通常緊跟在賓語之后。
比如:
I find learning English difficult.(difficult是形容詞做賓補(bǔ))
I saw the kite up and down.(up and down是副詞做賓補(bǔ))
Tom made the girl cry.(cry是省略不定式符號(hào)to的動(dòng)詞不定式)
注意:當(dāng)感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞,如:
see/ hear /notice/ watch /hear/ feel/ observe(感官動(dòng)詞)
make /have /let(使役動(dòng)詞)
接賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式的符號(hào)to必須省略。
在help后,不定式可以帶to,也可不帶。
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語用法:
現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞之后;單個(gè)分詞做定語時(shí),放在被修飾的名詞之前.例如:
The man standing by the window is our teacher.
The excited people rushed into the building.
注意:現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí),它表示的動(dòng)作是正在進(jìn)行或與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生,如果兩個(gè)動(dòng)作有先有后,一般不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,而要用定語從句。例如:
The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window.
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的差異:
現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作定語時(shí),不僅存在前置與后置的區(qū)別,而且存在狀態(tài)、時(shí)間與形式上的差異。為了幫助大家分清這些差異,更好地掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的用法,現(xiàn)在分別論述如下。
狀態(tài)差異
現(xiàn)在分詞作定語明顯存在狀態(tài)差異。一般來講,前置的現(xiàn)在分詞靜感強(qiáng)。而后置現(xiàn)在分詞動(dòng)感強(qiáng)。學(xué)*時(shí)要注意體會(huì)這一點(diǎn)。
例1:The labouring people are the wisest.
例2:The farmers labouring here are not afraid of snakes.
能前置的現(xiàn)在分詞為數(shù)不太多,常見的大都是已被形容詞化了的現(xiàn)在分詞。這一點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在有些現(xiàn)在分詞前常有程度副詞,有些現(xiàn)在分詞甚至還有比較等級(jí)。
例3: I have brought very exciting news to you.
例4:This is the most exciting story that I have ever read.
時(shí)間差異
時(shí)間差異指現(xiàn)在分詞表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間差異。有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)表示正在的動(dòng)作。這些現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。
例5:Did you tell the children playing there not to make any noise?
Did you tell the children who were playing there not to make any
noise?
例6:The American president visiting China now will return on Saturday.
The American president who is visiting China now will return on Saturday.
有些現(xiàn)在分詞作定語時(shí)則表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài)。此類現(xiàn)在分詞若改為定語從句宜用一般時(shí)態(tài),而不宜用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。若譯成漢語也應(yīng)注意體現(xiàn)這一點(diǎn)。
例7:They stayed at a hotel standing by the lake.
例8:The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.
形式差異
從形式來看,前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為單個(gè)分詞,而后置現(xiàn)在分詞多為短語。換句話說,若用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,單個(gè)分詞要前置,分詞短語要后置。但也不能絕對如此,要視情況而定。要是強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)感,即使是單個(gè)分詞也應(yīng)后置。
例9:Look! The girl singing is Alice and the one dancing is Mary.
從內(nèi)容來講,前置現(xiàn)在分詞多為不及物動(dòng)詞,沒有自己的賓語或狀語。后置現(xiàn)在分詞可帶賓語或狀語。有時(shí)前置現(xiàn)在分詞也可有自己的賓語或狀語,不過要置于分詞前,且中間要有連詞符號(hào)。當(dāng)然,帶比較級(jí)時(shí)除外。
例10:Barking dogs seldom bite.
例 11:The person translating the songs can speak seven languages.
例 12:England and America are English-speaking countries.
值得說明的是,現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式與被動(dòng)式一般都不能用作前置定語,只能作后置定語,使用時(shí)應(yīng)慎重。
例 13:We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here.
為了讓提問者有一個(gè)全面的認(rèn)識(shí),以上是引用網(wǎng)上的兩個(gè)回復(fù)者的內(nèi)容。
下面來分析提問者所例句子:
I've never had such a thing happening to me before
現(xiàn)在分詞做后置定語其功能相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句
I've never had such a thing that is happening to me before.
現(xiàn)在發(fā)生在我身上的事,我以前從沒遇到過。
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