關(guān)于英語春節(jié)手抄報(bào)內(nèi)容

　　新春佳節(jié)到，福氣滿門繞。愿你在新的一年里，步步高升、事事如意、財(cái)源滾滾來。身體健康、萬事勝意，春節(jié)愉快！下面是小編整理的關(guān)于英語春節(jié)手抄報(bào)內(nèi)容，歡迎大家借鑒與參考，希望對(duì)大家有所幫助。（點(diǎn)擊對(duì)應(yīng)目錄可以直接查閱哦�。�

　　英語春節(jié)手抄報(bào)內(nèi)容

　　英語春節(jié)作文 1

　　The spring Festival is ing soon! The festivel is considereded the most important one for Chinese people. It is on the first day of lunar year. It is also the day of reunion among family members. During these days, people would say "happy new year! or wish you make fortune! to each other. They would also visit their relatives and friends. Children would be given "red packets". Children would have more to eat and play than usual.

　　Playing firecrackers is also a popular game for children.

　　春節(jié)快到了！這個(gè)節(jié)日被認(rèn)為是中國(guó)人最重要的節(jié)日。今天是農(nóng)歷的'第一天。這也是家庭成員團(tuán)聚的日子。在這些日子里，人們會(huì)互相說“新年快樂！或者祝你發(fā)財(cái)！”。他們還會(huì)拜訪親戚和朋友。孩子們會(huì)得到“紅包”。孩子們將比平時(shí)有更多的吃和玩的機(jī)會(huì)。

　　玩鞭炮也是孩子們喜愛的游戲。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 2

　　The Chinese New Year lasts fifteen days. So during the fifteen days,we always visit our relatives from door to door. At that time,children are the happiest because they can get many red packets form their parents,grandparents,uncles,aunts and so on.

　　The last day of the Chinese New Year is another festival. It names the Lantern Festival.

　　中國(guó)新年持續(xù)十五天。所以在這十五天里，我們總是挨家挨戶拜訪親戚。在那個(gè)時(shí)候，孩子們是最快樂的，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢詮母改浮⒆娓改�、叔叔、阿姨等那里收到很多紅包。

　　中國(guó)新年的最后一天是另一個(gè)節(jié)日。它叫元宵節(jié)。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 3

　　Today, it is a special day. This is because today is the Spring Festival - the first day of the first month, that is, the "new year" we usually say.

　　In the morning, mom and grandmas catch up in the kitchen; the father and grandfather were not idle, dad at the door labeled red antithetical couplet, grandpa is in the room with all the New Year paintings; while my brother and I? While watching TV in the living room, and chewing sweets from time to time in my mouth, it was really excellent. And the big men are so busy that they are so busy.

　　My familys "new year" is busy and busy.

　　The eve of the new years Eve came at last. Now the first task is to set off the firecrackers. After our repeated demands, Dad finally gave me the position of "gunner". I took out a lighter, lit firecrackers hanging in the branches, in my brother and I ran away the moment - ignited -- "Zizi Zi" -- "crackling", the spring sprout.

　　"A dinner, the children!" Only the mother heard a voice in the living room. I ran to the table with my brother. "Wow!" I cried out, "Mom, why are there some chickens, ducks, and fish for todays dishes... Why dont you have any vegetables? " Mother looked at me amiable and said quietly, "children, today is the new year, the new year to eat more meat to understand?" I nodded a little bit.

　　The first thing to do before the dinner things is to get to the elders "". The first brother said: "I wish grandpa and grandma longevity, happiness as immense as the Eastern Sea." Then I opened my mouth: "I wish mom and dad work well and all the best." After that, I saw my father did not respond, and then I answered, "why do I say so many good words, you just dont send a red bag?"

　　Suddenly, in the living room, there was a burst of laughter.

　　今天是一個(gè)特殊的日子。這是因?yàn)榻裉焓谴汗?jié)——正月初一，也就是我們通常說的“新年”。

　　早上，媽媽和奶奶在廚房里追趕；爸爸和爺爺也沒閑著，爸爸在門口貼上了紅對(duì)聯(lián)，爺爺在屋里掛滿了年畫；而我和哥哥呢？在客廳里看電視，不時(shí)地在嘴里嚼糖果，真的很棒。而那些大人物都忙得不可開交。

　　我家的“新年”很忙。

　　除夕夜終于來了�，F(xiàn)在的首要任務(wù)是燃放鞭炮。經(jīng)過我們的再三要求，爸爸終于給了我一個(gè)“炮手”的職位。我拿出打火機(jī)，點(diǎn)燃了掛在樹枝上的.鞭炮，在我和哥哥逃跑的那一刻——點(diǎn)燃了——“滋滋”——“噼里啪啦”，春芽發(fā)芽了。

　　“晚飯，孩子們！”只有母親聽到客廳里有聲音。我和哥哥跑到桌子旁�！巴�！”我大聲喊道，“媽媽，今天的菜怎么有一些雞、鴨、魚……你怎么沒有蔬菜呢？”媽媽和藹地看著我，輕聲說道：“孩子們，今天是過年了，過年要多吃肉才能理解？”我點(diǎn)點(diǎn)頭。

　　晚飯前要做的第一件事就是去見長(zhǎng)輩。老大說：“祝爺爺奶奶長(zhǎng)壽，幸福如東海。”然后我張開嘴：“祝爸爸媽媽工作順利。”說完，我看到爸爸沒有回應(yīng)，然后我回答：“我為什么說這么多好話，你就是不發(fā)紅袋子？”

　　突然，客廳里傳來陣陣笑聲。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 4

　　Spring Festival is the most important festival in China .It’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year .In the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .In many places people like to set off firecrackers .Dumplings are the most traditional food .Children like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes .They can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .

　　The Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long .People visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .

　　新年是中國(guó)最重要的.節(jié)日，是為了慶祝農(nóng)歷新年的晚上，在新年之前，家庭聚在一起吃一頓豐盛的飯。在許多地方，人們喜歡放鞭炮餃子是最傳統(tǒng)的食物。孩子非常喜歡這個(gè)節(jié)日，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢杂泻贸缘氖澄�，穿新衣服。他們也能得到一些錢來自父母。這錢是給孩子們，以求好運(yùn)。人們把新年卷軸在長(zhǎng)城上停留了好運(yùn)。

　　新年將持續(xù)大約15天拜訪親朋好友超前用這句話：“你祝愿”。人們喜歡新年，在這段時(shí)間里他們可以好好休息一下了。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 5

　　The happy spring festival spring festival is on the first day of the first lunar month.chinese people most like the spring festival.during spring festival,Chinese people like having meals with their families,playing fireworks in the open air.my sisters and iplayed fireworks on that day.We had many fireworks.they were very beautiful.they were running into the sky and breaking into pieces.they looked like flowers in the sky.we were very happy and excited.After that,I made awish.I hope that,we can have ahappy and healthy life next year and everyone in my family can be happy.

　　I enjoy the festival very happy!

　　新年是在第一個(gè)月的第一天，中國(guó)人最喜歡新年。在新年期間，中國(guó)人喜歡和自己的家人一起吃飯，一起放焰火在空曠的地方。在那些日子里，我和我姐姐一起放焰火。我們有很多的.焰火，它們非常漂亮，它們升上天空并且使一些地方變得很亮。在天空中，它們看起來像是花，我們很高興也很興奮。在這之后，我許了一個(gè)愿，我希望，在來年，我們能夠高高興興并且擁有健康的生活，還有每一個(gè)人在我們家庭里都可以開開心心。

　　我感到在這個(gè)節(jié)日里非常高興！

　　英語春節(jié)作文 6

　　Spring Festival is the most important festival in China ’s to celebrate the lunar calendar ‘s new year the evening before the Spring Festival ,families get together and have a big meal .

　　In many places people like to set off firecrackers lings are the most traditional food dren like the festival very much ,because they can have delicious food and wear new clothes can also get some money from their parents. This money is given to children for good luck . People put New Year scrolls on the wall for good fortune .

　　Spring Festival lasts about 15 days long le visit relatives and friends with the words “Have all your wishes ”. People enjoy the Spring Festival ,during this time they can have a good rest .

　　春節(jié)是中國(guó)最重要的節(jié)日，慶祝農(nóng)歷新年的前一天晚上，一家人聚在一起吃大餐。

　　在許多地方，人們喜歡放鞭炮，這是最傳統(tǒng)的`食物。他們非常喜歡這個(gè)節(jié)日，因?yàn)樗麄兛梢猿缘矫牢兜氖澄�，穿上新衣服，還可以從父母那里得到一些錢。這些錢給孩子們是為了好運(yùn)。人們把新年卷軸掛在墻上以求好運(yùn)。

　　春節(jié)持續(xù)約15天左右，樂走親訪友，上面寫著“祝你一切順利”。人們喜歡春節(jié)，在這段時(shí)間他們可以好好休息。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 7

　　The Spring Festival is my most favorite festival, because it’s time for family gathering. And the Spring Festival is a new start of a year. It brings me hope and courage. On Spring Festival, my parents usually take me back to my hometown. My hometown is a small town. Many of my relatives move to the larger cities, but we usually go home when the Spring Festival comes. During the gathering, we share our lives with others and care about each other. Of course, big meals are necessary.

　　Families prepare for the big meals together. They all cook their specialty dishes. Therefore, our meals are always delicious. We often stay at home for three days and then we leave with others’ wishes. I like the Spring Festival, because I like family gathering.

　　春節(jié)是我最喜歡的節(jié)日，因?yàn)樗�是家庭聚�?huì)的時(shí)間。春節(jié)是一年中新的開始。它給我?guī)�來了希望和勇氣。春�?jié)的.時(shí)候，我的父母通常會(huì)帶我回老家。我的家鄉(xiāng)是一個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)。我的許多親戚都搬到了大城市，但我們通常在春節(jié)到來時(shí)回家。在聚會(huì)期間，我們與他人分享我們的生活，并相互關(guān)心。當(dāng)然，大餐是必要的。

　　一家人一起準(zhǔn)備大餐。他們都做自己的特色菜。因此，我們的飯菜總是很美味。我們經(jīng)常在家呆三天，然后帶著別人的意愿離開。我喜歡春節(jié)，因?yàn)槲蚁矚g家庭聚會(huì)。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 8

　　When the New Years bell, fireworks flying, like the petals of the fairy and, like flowers blooming on the sky... , grandpa took my New Years gift, I open a look, a beautiful scarf, grandpa said: "dont catch a cold in the winter is very cold, wear a scarf," ah! Grandpa sent him to my care, sent to my care. In my heart silently thinking about, when I grow up, I will care about you too.

　　The atmosphere of the Spring Festival at home is full of joy!

　　當(dāng)新年鐘聲響起，煙花飛舞，像仙女的花瓣，像天空中盛開的花朵，爺爺接過我的新年禮物，我打開一看，一條漂亮的圍巾，爺爺說：“冬天不感冒很冷，戴上圍巾，”�。�爺爺把他送到我這里來照顧，送到我這里去照顧。在我心里默默地想著，等我長(zhǎng)大了，我也會(huì)關(guān)心你的'。

　　家里的春節(jié)氣氛充滿了歡樂！

　　英語春節(jié)作文 9

　　Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China. The Spring Festival in my hometown is colorful and colorful. Family reunions include pasting Spring Festival couplets, setting off firecrackers, eating dumplings, hanging New Year paintings, and exchanging New Year greetings with family and friends. Men, women, and children all put on beautiful new clothes, and of course, the happiest ones belong to us children. Besides having lucky money, whats even happier is to cheer, jump, and play freely and easily. New Years Eve is a time worth celebrating. The family happily eats reunion meals together, watches the Spring Festival Gala together, and enjoys the joy of family reunion. When the clock struck twelve oclock, thousands of households set off firecrackers and fireworks, competing like millions of flowers in the air. The first day of the first lunar month is even more lively.

　　Early in the morning, I went to pay New Years greetings with my younger brother and a group of friends. At noon, we all carried many New Years candies back home. As soon as we got home, my younger brother and I counted and divided the sugar together, and we were extremely happy! In the blink of an eye, its time for the start of school, and were going to school again. I really miss the happy time during the Spring Festival.

　　春節(jié)是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日。家鄉(xiāng)的春節(jié)多姿多彩。家家團(tuán)聚，貼春聯(lián)、放爆竹、吃餃子、掛年畫、親友互相拜年等等。男女老少都穿上了漂亮的新衣裳，最快樂的當(dāng)然就屬我們小朋友了。除了有壓歲錢之外，更開心的是輕松自由地歡呼、跳躍、玩耍。除夕是值得慶賀的'時(shí)刻。一家人在一起開開心心地吃團(tuán)圓飯，一起看春節(jié)聯(lián)歡晚會(huì)，享受著天倫之樂。當(dāng)十二點(diǎn)的鐘聲敲響了，千家萬戶就不約而同地放起鞭炮、煙花，像千萬朵鮮花在空中爭(zhēng)奇斗艷。正月初一更熱鬧。

　　一大早，我?guī)е�弟弟和一群小伙伴一起去拜年。到了中午，我們都拎著好多拜年得來的糖果回家。一到家，我和弟弟就一起�?shù)糖、分糖，開心極了！轉(zhuǎn)眼間，到了開學(xué)的時(shí)候了，我們又要去上學(xué)了。我真留戀春節(jié)時(shí)的快樂時(shí)光。

　　英語春節(jié)作文 10

　　The Spring Festival is a traditional festival in China, also known as the "Chinese New Year". It is said that in ancient times, people dared not go out because "Nian Beasts" would appear every year. Later, people learned that "Nian Beasts" were most afraid of red things and sounds, so they pasted red couplets and set off firecrackers every day during the Spring Festival.

　　One day, my parents and I posted Spring Festival couplets, set off firecrackers, and watched a lion dance performance. Among them, I was happy to go to the flower market with my parents. We saw azaleas, peonies, tulips... colorful and extremely beautiful. We also saw various colorful lanterns. I bought a few lanterns to decorate my home. All of my relatives come to my grandmothers house to have the New Years Eve dinner. There are various foods on her table, such as sesame seeds, candies, and melon seeds. After we finish the New Years Eve dinner, my brother and I go to buy fireworks and set off fireworks in the square with everyone.

　　Spring Festival is really fun! I love Spring Festival!

　　春節(jié)是我國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也稱為“過年，”聽說以前古代的時(shí)候，人們都不敢出門，因?yàn)槊磕甓紩?huì)有“年獸”出沒，后來，人們知道了“年獸”最怕紅色的東西和響聲，所以人們天天春節(jié)都貼紅色的春聯(lián)、放鞭炮。

　　有一天，我和爸爸媽媽貼春聯(lián)、放鞭炮、看舞獅子表演，其中，我高興的`是和爸爸媽媽逛花市，我們見到了杜鵑花、牡丹花、郁金香······五彩繽紛，美麗極了，我們還見到了各種各樣五顏六色的燈籠，我買了幾個(gè)燈籠裝扮我的家。我的所有親戚都來我外婆家吃團(tuán)年飯，外婆家的餐桌上有各種各樣的食品，有油角、糖果、瓜子，我們吃完團(tuán)年飯，我和我的哥哥去買煙花，和大家一起去廣場(chǎng)放煙花。

　　春節(jié)真好玩�。∥覑鄞汗�(jié)！

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　　春節(jié)祝福語

　　1、Good luck, good health, hood cheer. i wish you a happy new year.

　　祝好運(yùn)、健康、佳肴伴你度過一個(gè)快樂新年.

　　2、With best wishes for a happy new year!

　　祝新年快樂,并致以良好的祝福.

　　3、I hope you have a most happy and prosperous new year.

　　謹(jǐn)祝新年快樂幸福,大吉大利.

　　4、Seasons greetings and best wishes for the new year.

　　祝福您,新年快樂.

　　5、To wish you joy at this holy season. wishing every happiness will always be with you.

　　恭祝新年吉祥,幸福和歡樂與你同在.

　　6、Please accept my sincere wishes for the new year. i hope you will continue to enjoy good health.

　　請(qǐng)接受我誠(chéng)摯的新年祝福,順祝身體健康.

　　7、Allow me to congratulate you on the arrival of the new year and to extend to you all my best wishes for your perfect health and lasting prosperity.

　　恭賀新禧,祝身體健康、事業(yè)發(fā)達(dá).

　　8、Bbest wishes for the holidays and happiness throughout the new year.

　　恭賀新禧,萬事如意.

　　9、With very best wishes for your happiness in the new year.

　　致以最良好的祝福,原你新年快樂幸福.

　　10、May the coming new year bring you joy, love and peace.

　　愿新年為你帶來快樂,友愛和寧靜.

　　11、Seasons greetings and sincere wishes for a bright and happy new year!

　　獻(xiàn)上節(jié)日的問候與祝福,愿你擁有一個(gè)充滿生機(jī)和歡樂的新年.

　　12、Dear friends, lets wait quietly for the future, hope and light, and the bell of the New Year that will ring soon!

　　親愛的朋友,讓我們一起靜靜地等待未來,希望和光明以及馬上就要敲響的新年的鐘聲!

　　13、May the glow of New Year candle fill your heart with peace and pleasure and make your New Year bright Have a love filled New Year!

　　愿新年的燭光帶給你祥和與喜悅,祝你新年充滿愛.

　　14、Wishing you all the blessings of a beautiful New Year season.

　　愿你擁有新年所有美好的祝福.

　　15、The new year is here, wishing you every success and every joy in your life.

　　新年到了,衷心祝福你年年圓滿如意,月月事事順心,日日喜悅無憂!

　　16、May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love.

　　祝新年快樂,并愿你幸福吉祥,前程似錦.

　　17、At New Year and always, may peace and love fill your heart, beauty fill your world, and contentment and joy fill your days.

　　新年的祝福,平日的'希冀,愿你心境祥和、充滿愛意,愿你的世界全是美滿,愿你一切稱心如意,快樂無比.

　　18、Rich blessings for health and longevity is my special wish for you in the coming year.

　　祝好運(yùn)、健康、佳肴伴你度過一個(gè)快樂新年.

　　19、A new year wish from your nephew.

　　您的侄兒祝您新年快樂.

　　20、Taking the New Years bell sounded, gone with the wind to send my blessing, lingering in your side.

　　新年的鐘聲悠然響起,飄送著我的祝福,縈繞在您的身邊.

　　21、New Year is coming quietly. I wish you a happy life and a better day.

　　新年悄悄來到,祝福默默陪伴,愿你生活愉快,日子過的一天更比一天好!

　　22、祝我的摯友新年快樂。

　　A new year greeting to cheer you, my good friend.

　　希望新年祝福給你帶來歡樂，我的好朋友。

　　23、新的一年，愿領(lǐng)導(dǎo)繼續(xù)保持卓越的工作表現(xiàn)，事業(yè)更上一層樓！

　　In the new year, may leaders continue to maintain outstanding work performance and take their careers to the next level!

　　24、祝老板新年快樂，財(cái)源滾滾來。

　　Wishing the boss a happy new year and abundant financial resources.

　　25、愿領(lǐng)導(dǎo)在新的一年里事業(yè)一帆風(fēng)順，生活幸福美滿！

　　May the leaders have a smooth career and a happy and fulfilling life in the new year!

　　26、老板，新年好，感謝你的關(guān)照。祝開心如意，財(cái)源滾滾！

　　Good New Year, boss. Thank you for your care. Wishing you happiness and abundant wealth!

　　27、新的一年，愿老板事業(yè)有成，家庭美滿，萬事如意！

　　In the new year, may the boss have a successful career, a happy family, and all the best!

　　28、新的一年，愿老板繼續(xù)帶領(lǐng)我們共同發(fā)展壯大公司！

　　In the new year, may the boss continue to lead us in jointly developing and strengthening the company!

　　29、 May you have a healthy and safe New Year, happy and joyful!

　　愿你新年健康加平安，幸福又快樂！

　　30、In the new year, may everything be smooth and prosperous, peaceful and happy!

　　新的一年，愿一切順順利利，平平安安，幸�？鞓罚�

　　31、May the joy of New Year be with you throughout the year.

　　愿新年的快樂一年四季常在。

　　32、Wishing you a sparkling New Year and bright happy New Year! May the season bring much pleasure to you.

　　愿你的新年光彩奪目，愿你的新年?duì)N爛輝煌！佳節(jié)快樂！

　　33、Hope all your New Year dreams come true!

　　愿你所有的新年夢(mèng)想都成真！

　　34、Wishing you all the joy of the season and a New Year of health, happiness and good fortune.

　　祝你在新的一年里身體健康、幸�？鞓�、好運(yùn)連連。

　　35、To wish you special joy at the holidays and all year.

　　祝你在節(jié)日和新的一年中享有無限的快樂。

　　Happy new year, my best friend.

　　返回目錄>>>

　　春節(jié)的簡(jiǎn)介

　�。ㄒ唬┙榻Bintroduce

　　春節(jié)（Spring Festival），即中國(guó)農(nóng)歷新年（Chinese New Year），俗稱“新春”“新歲”“歲旦”等，又稱“過年”“過大年”，是集除舊布新、拜神祭祖、祈福辟邪、親朋團(tuán)圓、歡慶娛樂和飲食為一體的民俗大節(jié)。

　　春節(jié)歷史悠久，起源于早期人類的原始信仰與自然崇拜，由上古時(shí)代歲首祈歲祭祀演變而來。萬物本乎天、人本乎祖，祈歲祭祀、敬天法祖，報(bào)本反始也。春節(jié)的起源蘊(yùn)含著深邃的文化內(nèi)涵，在傳承發(fā)展中承載了豐厚的歷史文化底蘊(yùn)。在春節(jié)期間，全國(guó)各地均有舉行各種慶賀新春活動(dòng)，帶有濃郁的各地地方特色。

　　在早期觀象授時(shí)時(shí)代，依據(jù)斗轉(zhuǎn)星移定歲時(shí)，“斗柄回寅”為歲首�！岸繁�回寅”春回大地、終而復(fù)始、萬象更新，新的輪回由此開啟。在傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)耕社會(huì)，春回大地的歲首具有重要意義，衍生了大量與之相關(guān)的歲首節(jié)俗文化。在歷史發(fā)展中雖然使用歷法不同而歲首節(jié)慶日期不同，但是其節(jié)慶框架以及許多民俗沿承了下來。在現(xiàn)代，人們把春節(jié)定于農(nóng)歷正月初一，但一般至少要到正月十五新年才算結(jié)束。

　　百節(jié)年為首、四季春為先，春節(jié)是中華民族最隆重的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)。受到中華文化的影響，世界上一些國(guó)家和地區(qū)也有慶賀新春的習(xí)俗。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，已有近20個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)把中國(guó)春節(jié)定為整體或者所轄部分城市的法定節(jié)假日。春節(jié)與清明節(jié)、端午節(jié)、中秋節(jié)并稱為中國(guó)四大傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。

　　春節(jié)民俗經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列入第一批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

　　The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese Lunar New Year, commonly known as "New Year", "New Year", "New Years Day", etc., also known as "New Year" or "Great New Year", is a folk festival that integrates the elimination of old customs, the worship of gods and ancestors, praying for blessings and warding off evil spirits, family and friends reunion, celebration and entertainment, and food.

　　The Spring Festival has a long history, originating from the primitive beliefs and natural worship of early humans, and evolved from the ancient age of praying for the beginning of the year and offering sacrifices. All things are based on heaven, and people are based on their ancestors. We pray for the new year to worship and honor the heavens and ancestors, and to start anew. The origin of the Spring Festival contains profound cultural connotations and carries rich historical and cultural heritage in its inheritance and development. During the Spring Festival, various celebration activities are held throughout the country, with strong local characteristics.

　　In the early era of observing and timing, based on the rotation of the stars, the "Dou Bing Hui Yin" was used as the beginning of the year. "Dou Bing Hui Yin" returns to the earth in spring, and all things are renewed, opening up a new cycle. In traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival is of great significance and has given rise to a large number of related customs and traditions. Although different calendars were used in historical development and the dates of festivals at the beginning of the year were different, the festive framework and many folk customs have been inherited. In modern times, people set the Spring Festival on the first day of the first lunar month, but generally it does not end until the fifteenth day of the first lunar month.

　　The Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation, with the hundred festival years as the first and the four seasons spring as the first. Influenced by Chinese culture, some countries and regions around the world also have customs to celebrate the Chinese New Year. According to incomplete statistics, nearly 20 countries and regions have designated the Chinese Spring Festival as a legal holiday for the whole or some cities under their jurisdiction. The Spring Festival, together with the Tomb sweeping Day, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, is known as Chinas four major traditional festivals.

　　The folk customs of the Spring Festival have been approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　（二）節(jié)日起源The Origin of Festivals

　　古老傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日的起源與上古原始信仰、祭祀文化以及星象、歷法等人文與自然文化內(nèi)容有關(guān)。據(jù)現(xiàn)代人類學(xué)、考古學(xué)的研究成果，人類最原始的兩種信仰：一是天地信仰，二是祖先信仰。古老傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日多數(shù)形成于古人擇日祭祀，以謝天地神靈、祖先恩德，以及祈福辟邪的活動(dòng)。早期的節(jié)日文化，反映的是古人自然崇拜、天人合一、慎終追遠(yuǎn)、固本思源的人文精神；一系列的祭祀活動(dòng)，則蘊(yùn)含著祗敬感德、禮樂文明深邃文化內(nèi)涵。歲首節(jié)日的起源與發(fā)展涵蓋了人文哲學(xué)與自然規(guī)律等方面內(nèi)容。

　　在早期觀象授時(shí)時(shí)代，“斗柄回寅”為春正（歲首），立春乃萬物起始、一切更生之義也，意味著新的一歲已開啟�！皻q”的概念，來自上古歷法，“歲”即“攝提”（原始干支），又名為“歲星”、“太歲”。在傳承發(fā)展中后世將這套多音節(jié)的攝提紀(jì)元（歲）術(shù)語簡(jiǎn)化為一個(gè)字，其與簡(jiǎn)化后的干支在《爾雅》與《史記》均有對(duì)照關(guān)系的記載。如：太歲在寅曰攝提格，在卯曰單閼，…在子曰困敦，在丑曰赤奮若（語出《爾雅·釋天》）。干支（歲）紀(jì)元以北斗星的斗柄指向正東偏北方位的“建寅”之月為起始，然后順時(shí)針方向旋轉(zhuǎn)，循環(huán)往復(fù)。在傳統(tǒng)文化中，干支與方位以及八卦等是聯(lián)系在一起的，寅位是后天八卦的艮位，是歲終歲首交結(jié)的方位，代表終而又始，如《易·說卦傳》曰：“艮，東北之卦也，萬物之所成終而所成始也�！笔�二月運(yùn)行，周而復(fù)始，歲末十二月指丑方，正月又復(fù)還寅位。斗柄回寅，春回大地，終而復(fù)始，萬象更新，新歲由此開始

　　在傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)耕社會(huì)，春回大地、終而復(fù)始、萬象更新的立春歲首具有重要意義，衍生了大量與之相關(guān)的歲首節(jié)俗文化。雖然此后由于在歷史發(fā)展中陰陽合歷歷法制度的推廣，歲首節(jié)慶日期不同，但是其節(jié)慶框架以及許多民俗沿承了下來。春節(jié)是由歲首祈歲祭祀演變而來，古人在春回大地、終而復(fù)始、萬象更新的歲首，舉行祭祀活動(dòng)報(bào)祭天地眾神、祖先的恩德，驅(qū)邪攘災(zāi)、祈歲納福。古代的祭儀情形雖渺茫難曉，但還是可以從后世的節(jié)儀中尋找到一些古俗遺跡。如嶺南部分地區(qū)沿承有在新年初一拜歲以及新年期間隆重盛大的拜神祭祖、驅(qū)邪納福節(jié)儀活動(dòng)，由此可見上古時(shí)代歲首祭祀的蛛絲馬跡。春節(jié)的起源和發(fā)展是一個(gè)逐漸形成，潛移默化地完善與普及的過程。春節(jié)文化作為中華傳統(tǒng)文化的重要組成部分，承載著博大精深的中華文化底蘊(yùn)，也記錄著古代人們豐富多彩的社會(huì)生活文化內(nèi)容。

　　The origin of ancient traditional festivals is related to ancient primitive beliefs, sacrificial culture, as well as human and natural cultural content such as astrology and calendar. According to the research results of modern anthropology and archaeology, the two most primitive beliefs of humans are: the belief in heaven and earth, and the belief in ancestors. Most ancient traditional festivals were formed by ancient people choosing a day for worship, to express gratitude to the gods, ancestors, and to pray for blessings and ward off evil. The early festival culture reflected the humanistic spirit of ancient peoples worship of nature, unity between heaven and man, cautious pursuit of the future, and rooted thinking; A series of sacrificial activities contain profound cultural connotations of respect, morality, and ritual and music civilization. The origin and development of the New Years Day cover aspects such as humanistic philosophy and natural laws.

　　In the early era of observing and timing, "Dou Bing Hui Yin" was the beginning of spring (the beginning of the year), and the beginning of spring was the beginning of all things and the meaning of all rebirth, indicating that a new year had begun. The concept of "Sui" comes from ancient calendars, where "Sui" refers to "Sheti" (primitive stem and branch), also known as "Suixing" or "Taisui". In the process of inheritance and development, later generations simplified this multi syllabic era (year) terminology into one character, which is recorded in comparison with the simplified Ganzhi in both Erya and Shiji. For example, when Tai Sui was in Yin, he called himself a photographer, when he was in Ma o, he called himself a monk, and when he was in Confucius, he called himself a destitute person, and when he was in Chou, he called himself a chifen ruo (from "Er Ya Shi Tian"). The Ganzhi era begins with the month of Jianyin, which points due northeast from the handle of the Big Dipper, and then rotates clockwise in a circular motion. In traditional culture, the stem and branch are related to the direction and the Eight Trigrams. The Yin position is the Gen position of the acquired Eight Trigrams, which represents the intersection of the end of the year and the beginning of the year, representing both the end and the beginning. For example, in the "Yi · Shuogua Zhuan", it is said: "Gen is the hexagram of the northeast, which is the end and beginning of all things." In December, it runs in a cycle, and at the end of the year, December refers to the ugly side. In January, it returns to the Yin position. The handle returns to the Yin, the spring returns to the earth, and once again, everything is renewed, marking the beginning of the new year

　　In traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival, which returns to the earth, repeats itself, and updates everything, is of great significance and has given rise to a large number of related customs and traditions. Although the promotion of the Yin Yang combined calendar system in historical development resulted in different dates for the beginning of the year, its festival framework and many folk customs have been inherited. The Spring Festival evolved from the ritual of praying for blessings at the beginning of the year. In ancient times, at the beginning of the year when spring returns to the earth, and everything is renewed, people held sacrificial activities to pay tribute to the blessings of the gods and ancestors, ward off evil spirits and disasters, and pray for blessings and blessings. Although the situation of ancient sacrificial ceremonies is uncertain, some ancient customs relics can still be found from the festival ceremonies of later generations. In some areas of Lingnan, there are grand and grand activities such as worshipping gods and ancestors, warding off evil spirits and receiving blessings on the first day of the New Year, as well as during the New Year period. This shows the clues and clues of the ancient eras year-end worship. The origin and development of the Spring Festival is a process of gradual formation, subtle improvement, and popularization. The Spring Festival culture, as an important component of traditional Chinese culture, carries a vast and profound cultural heritage, as well as records the rich and colorful social and cultural content of ancient people.

　�。ㄈ�）歷史發(fā)展Historical development

　　時(shí)間演變Time evolution

　　中國(guó)的星象文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)、博大精深，古人很早開始就探索宇宙的奧秘，并由此演繹出了一套完整深?yuàn)W的觀星文化。北斗七星循環(huán)旋轉(zhuǎn)，這斗轉(zhuǎn)星移與時(shí)節(jié)變化有著密切的關(guān)系。北斗七星是北半球（中國(guó)位于北半球）的重要星象，斗轉(zhuǎn)星移時(shí)北半球黃赤交角其附近相應(yīng)地域的自然節(jié)律亦在漸變，因此成為了人們判斷時(shí)節(jié)變化的依據(jù)。“斗柄回寅”大地回春，萬象更新，新歲開啟。在歷史發(fā)展演變中，由于朝代更迭、歷法變動(dòng)，歲首（新年）在日期上亦不同。

　　中國(guó)歷代的歲首（新年），設(shè)定日期并不一致：

　　上古時(shí)代：歲紀(jì)攝提，即干支紀(jì)元法。北斗七星的斗柄從正東偏北（后天八卦艮位）為起點(diǎn)，順時(shí)針旋轉(zhuǎn)一圈謂之一歲（攝提）。斗指寅為春正（正月），“建正”之月為寅月，立春為歲首。（星辰歷）

　　夏商周：夏歷正月在孟春，商歷正月在冬十二月，周歷正月在冬十一月。（陰歷）

　　秦始皇統(tǒng)一六國(guó)后，使用秦歷（顓頊歷），正月在冬十月。（陰歷）

　　漢朝初期沿用秦歷（顓頊歷）。到了漢武帝太初元年，即公元前104年，天文學(xué)家唐都、落下閎等人制訂了《太初歷》（又稱“八十一分律歷”），并吸收了干支歷的節(jié)氣成分作為指導(dǎo)農(nóng)事的歷法補(bǔ)充，將冬季十月一日為歲首改為以春季一月一日為歲首。

　　漢朝以后，曾有幾名皇帝進(jìn)行過改歷改歲首。王莽篡漢后，規(guī)定十二月朔日為歲首，是為殷正。魏明帝曹叡也一度改為殷正。武則天稱帝后，改國(guó)號(hào)為“周”，采用周正。此后歷代又改用夏正，以一月朔日為歲首。

　　經(jīng)歷代發(fā)展，后人在早期歷法基礎(chǔ)上逐漸完善為當(dāng)今使用的夏歷。此后中國(guó)一直沿用夏歷直至今。1970年以后“夏歷”改稱為“農(nóng)歷”（陰陽合歷）。

　　辛亥革命以后，逐漸改用公歷紀(jì)年（屬陽歷的一種，又稱格里高利歷）。后來為區(qū)別夏歷和公歷兩個(gè)新年，鑒于夏歷一月一日恰在干支歷法中表示季節(jié)變遷的廿四個(gè)特定節(jié)令之一的“立春”節(jié)氣前后，因此便把夏歷（農(nóng)歷）一月一日改稱為“春節(jié)”，公歷一月一日改稱為“元旦”。

　　1913年7月（民國(guó)二年），袁世凱批準(zhǔn)以正月初一為春節(jié)，同意春節(jié)例行放假，1914年起開始實(shí)行。自此，夏歷歲首就由以往的“過年”改成了“春節(jié)”。

　　Chinas astrological culture has a long and profound history, and ancient people began to explore the mysteries of the universe at an early age, thus deducing a complete and profound culture of stargazing. The rotation of the Big Dipper is closely related to seasonal changes. The Big Dipper is an important celestial phenomenon in the Northern Hemisphere (China is located in the Northern Hemisphere). When the Big Dipper moves, the natural rhythm of the corresponding area near the yellow declination angle in the Northern Hemisphere also gradually changes, making it the basis for people to judge seasonal changes. "Dou Bing Hui Yin" brings spring back to the earth, everything is renewed, and the new year begins. In the historical development and evolution, due to changes in dynasties and calendars, the beginning of the year (New Year) also differs in date.

　　The beginning of the Chinese New Year (New Year) in various dynasties is not set on the same date:

　　In ancient times, the Suiji era was known as the Ganzhi era method. The handle of the Big Dipper starts from due northeast (the position of Bagua Gen in the day after tomorrow) and rotates clockwise once, which is called one year old (Seti). Douzhi Yin is the first month of spring, the month of Jianzheng is the Yin month, and the beginning of spring is the beginning of the year. (Star calendar)

　　Xia Shang Zhou: The first month of the Xia calendar is in Mengchun, the first month of the Shang calendar is in December of winter, and the first month of the Zhou calendar is in November of winter. (Lunar calendar)

　　After unifying the six states, Emperor Qin Shi Huang used the Qin calendar (Zhuanxu calendar), with the first month in the winter October. (Lunar calendar)

　　In the early Han Dynasty, the Qin calendar (Zhuanxu calendar) was used. In the first year of the Taichu reign of Emperor Wu of Han, which was 104 BC, astronomers Tang Du, Luo Xiahong, and others formulated the "Taichu Calendar" (also known as the "81st Division Calendar") and absorbed the seasonal components of the Ganzhi Calendar as a supplementary calendar to guide agriculture. They changed the start of the year from October 1st in winter to January 1st in spring.

　　After the Han Dynasty, several emperors changed the calendar and the beginning of the year. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he established the new moon of December as the beginning of the year, which was called Yin Zheng. Emperor Wei Ming, Cao Rui, was also temporarily changed to Yin Zheng. After Empress Wu Zetian proclaimed herself emperor, she changed the countrys name to "Zhou" and adopted Zhou Zheng. Afterwards, throughout history, Xia Zheng was used again, with the new moon of the first month as the beginning of the year.

　　Through generations of development, later generations gradually improved the early calendar into the summer calendar used today. Since then, China has continued to use the summer calendar until today. After 1970, the "summer calendar" was renamed as the "lunar calendar" (Yin Yang combined calendar).

　　After the Xinhai Revolution, the Gregorian calendar (a type of solar calendar, also known as the Gregorian calendar) was gradually adopted for chronological purposes. Later, in order to distinguish between the two new years in the Xia and Gregorian calendars, considering that the first day of the first lunar month falls before and after the "Li Chun" solar term, one of the twenty-four specific seasonal changes in the Gan Zhi calendars, the first day of the first lunar month was renamed "Spring Festival" and the first day of the first lunar month was renamed "New Years Day".

　　In July 1913 (the second year of the Republic of China), Yuan Shikai approved the use of the first day of the first lunar month as the Spring Festival and agreed to a regular holiday for the Spring Festival. It began to be implemented in 1914. Since then, the beginning of the summer calendar has changed from the previous "Chinese New Year" to "Spring Festival".

　　名稱變革Name change

　　現(xiàn)在農(nóng)歷的“正月初一”，歷史上稱為元朔、元日、新元、元旦、正日、元辰、新正等�，F(xiàn)在過的農(nóng)歷正月初一“春節(jié)”這一節(jié)日名稱，古代是沒有的（古時(shí)一般稱為過年、年節(jié)），是民國(guó)政府創(chuàng)造的。“春節(jié)”這一概念是在民國(guó)時(shí)期逐漸被提起。民國(guó)時(shí)期，公歷被引進(jìn)，而農(nóng)歷成為了進(jìn)行農(nóng)事的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。1914年民國(guó)政府在內(nèi)務(wù)部呈文中提到“擬請(qǐng)定陰歷元旦為春節(jié)”。故，春節(jié)這一說法才逐漸流傳開來。

　　辛亥革命后，1912年中華民國(guó)北洋政府時(shí)期采用公歷，但用“民國(guó)”紀(jì)年，1月1日為公歷歲首；1914年起把夏歷正月初一（即農(nóng)歷正月初一）作“春節(jié)”，視為農(nóng)歷年的開始，即為歲首。

　　1949年9月27日，中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議決定采用“公元紀(jì)年法”，將公歷1月1日稱為“元旦”，夏歷正月初一仍稱“春節(jié)”。

　　在英語國(guó)家，一直被稱作“Chinese new year”，有時(shí)簡(jiǎn)稱CNY，或者Spring Festival。The first day of the first lunar month in the lunar calendar is historically known as Yuanshuo, Yuanri, Xinyuan, New Years Day, Zhengri, Yuanchen, Xinzheng, etc. The name "Spring Festival", which is celebrated on the first day of the first lunar month, did not exist in ancient times (usually referred to as "New Year" or "New Years Festival" in ancient times) and was created by the government of the Republic of China. The concept of "Spring Festival" was gradually introduced during the Republic of China period. During the Republic of China period, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, and the lunar calendar became the standard for farming. In 1914, the government of the Republic of China proposed in a document submitted by the Ministry of Internal Affairs to designate the Lunar New Years Day as the Spring Festival. Therefore, the saying of Spring Festival gradually spread.

　　After the Xinhai Revolution, in 1912, during the Beiyang government period of the Republic of China, the Gregorian calendar was adopted, but the "Republic of China" was used to record the year, with January 1st as the beginning of the Gregorian calendar; Starting from 1914, the first day of the first lunar month in the Xia calendar (also known as the first day of the first lunar month) was referred to as the "Spring Festival" and regarded as the beginning of the lunar year, which is the beginning of the year.

　　On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference decided to adopt the "AD chronology", referring to January 1 in the Gregorian calendar as "New Years Day" and the first day of the first lunar month in the Xia calendar as "Spring Festival".

　　In English speaking countries, it has always been referred to as "Chinese new year", sometimes abbreviated as CNY, or Spring Festival.

　　內(nèi)容發(fā)展Content development

　　遠(yuǎn)古的天皇時(shí)代，已有干支歷法及歲時(shí)的雛形。據(jù)《盤古王表》與《三命通會(huì)》等記載：“天皇始制干支之名以定歲之所在”。十天干曰：閼逢、旃蒙、柔兆、強(qiáng)圉、著雍、屠維、上章、重光、玄黓、昭陽；十二地支曰：攝提格、單閼、執(zhí)徐、大荒落、敦牂、協(xié)洽、涒灘、作噩、閹茂、大淵獻(xiàn)、困頓、赤奮若。天皇氏的這一發(fā)明影響深遠(yuǎn)，后世用于歷法、術(shù)數(shù)、計(jì)算、命名等各方面（北宋時(shí)編撰的官方正史著作《資治通鑒》就是以這套干支術(shù)語紀(jì)年）。

　　在上古觀象授時(shí)的時(shí)代，農(nóng)事周期就是慶典周期，有些節(jié)氣也就是節(jié)日，終而復(fù)始、萬象更新、春回大地的歲節(jié)更是百節(jié)之首，衍生了大量與之相關(guān)的節(jié)俗文化。春節(jié)歷史悠久，起源于早期人類的原始信仰與自然崇拜，由上古時(shí)代歲首祈歲祭祀演變而來，與星象、歷法、天氣、祭祀文化等有關(guān)。

　　在秦漢以前，南北各地風(fēng)俗時(shí)歷不同，一些地方歲首禮俗所重的不是陰歷正月朔日，而是干支歷廿四節(jié)氣的立春。作為傳統(tǒng)的農(nóng)耕社會(huì)，古人相當(dāng)重視春回大地、萬物更生的立春歲首，立春歲首對(duì)于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)耕社會(huì)來說，具有重要的`意義。先秦時(shí)期中國(guó)一些地方傳承著在立春歲首拜神祭祖、祈歲納福、驅(qū)邪攘災(zāi)、除舊布新等為主題的節(jié)慶活動(dòng)，這一系列的節(jié)慶活動(dòng)不僅構(gòu)成了后世歲首節(jié)慶的雛型框架，而且它的民俗功能也一直遺存至今。

　　漢代是中國(guó)統(tǒng)一后第一個(gè)大發(fā)展時(shí)期，南北的經(jīng)濟(jì)文化交流使風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣也互相融合，這對(duì)節(jié)日習(xí)俗的傳播普及提供了良好的社會(huì)條件，此后在文獻(xiàn)上漸出現(xiàn)了歲首祭祀的記載。如東漢崔寔《四民月令》中提到，“正月之旦，是謂正日。躬率妻孥，絜祀祖禰。”過新年的習(xí)俗活動(dòng)在全國(guó)民間越來越廣泛，也越來越豐富了。

　　魏晉時(shí)，出現(xiàn)了除夕守歲習(xí)俗的文字記載。如晉朝周處所著的《風(fēng)土記》中記載：除夕之夜大家各相與贈(zèng)送，稱“饋歲”；長(zhǎng)幼聚歡，祝頌完備，稱“分歲”；終歲不眠，以待天明，稱“守歲”。

　　唐代時(shí)，人們除登門拜年，還發(fā)明一種“拜年帖”。唐太宗李世民用赤金箔做成賀卡，御書“普天同慶”，賜予大臣。這一形式迅速在民間普及，改用梅花箋紙。當(dāng)時(shí)這種“拜年帖”被稱為“飛帖”。

　　宋代時(shí)民間開始普遍用紙筒和麻莖裹火藥編成串做成“編炮”（即鞭炮）。除夕、春節(jié)放爆竹之俗便逐漸盛行�！稏|京夢(mèng)華錄》說：“是夜，禁中爆竹山呼，聞聲于外�！�

　　明代，接灶神、貼門神、除夕守歲、十五賞燈會(huì)已經(jīng)盛行�！度f歷嘉興府志》中記載：“除夕，易門神、桃符、春帖，井隈皆封。爆竹，燔紫，設(shè)酒果聚飲，鑼鼓徹夜，謂之守歲�！�

　　清代非常重視過年，宮廷過年十分奢華，皇帝有寫福字下賜群臣的習(xí)俗。過年要一直延續(xù)至元宵佳節(jié)才算結(jié)束，猜燈謎是甚為流行的取樂方式。

　　辛亥革命帶來了全新的時(shí)代，政府提倡新歷。禮儀上，把以前跪拜或者作揖等禮節(jié)全部廢除，改成脫帽、鞠躬、握手、鼓掌等新禮節(jié)，逐漸成為中國(guó)人際交往的文明儀式。

　　In the ancient era of the Emperor, there was already a prototype of the Ganzhi calendar and the age. According to records such as "Pangu Wang Biao" and "San Ming Tong Hui", "the emperor first established the name of the stem and branch to determine the location of the year.". The Ten Heavenly Stems said: E Feng, Zhan Meng, Rou Zhao, Qiang Yu, Zhu Yong, Tu Wei, Shang Zhang, Chong Guang, Xuan Xuan, and Zhao Yang; The Twelve Earthly Branches are: Shetige, Dane, Zhixu, Dahuanglu, Dunzang, Xieqia, Kutan, Zuo Ou, Zhi Ma o, Da Yuan Xian, Quandun, and Chi Fenruo. The invention of the Emperor had a profound impact and was later used in various aspects such as calendar, numerology, calculation, and naming (the official historical work "Zizhi Tongjian" compiled during the Northern Song Dynasty used this set of Ganzhi terminology to record the years).

　　In the ancient era of observing and timing, the agricultural cycle was the celebration cycle, and some solar terms were also festivals. The annual festival, which is the beginning and ending, updates everything, and brings spring back to the earth, is the top of the hundred festivals, giving rise to a large number of related festival customs and culture. The Spring Festival has a long history and originated from the primitive beliefs and natural worship of early humans. It evolved from the ancient age of praying for the new year at the beginning of the year and is related to astrology, calendar, weather, and sacrificial culture.

　　Before the Qin and Han dynasties, the customs and calendars in different regions of the north and south were different. In some places, the emphasis on the beginning of the year was not on the first lunar month and the new moon, but on the beginning of spring in the 24 solar terms of the stem and branch calendars. As a traditional agricultural society, ancient people attached great importance to the beginning of the Spring Festival, which symbolizes the return of spring to the earth and the rebirth of all things. For traditional agricultural societies, the beginning of the Spring Festival is of great significance. During the pre Qin period, some parts of China inherited festive activities with themes such as worshipping gods and ancestors, praying for blessings, warding off evil and eliminating disasters, and carrying out renovation at the beginning of the Spring Festival. This series of festive activities not only formed the prototype framework of later festive activities, but also their folk functions have been preserved to this day.

　　The Han Dynasty was the first period of great development after the reunification of China. The economic and cultural exchanges between the north and south also integrated customs, providing good social conditions for the dissemination and popularization of festival customs. Since then, records of the annual ritual have gradually appeared in literature. As mentioned in Cui Shis "Four Peoples Monthly Regulations" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, "The day of the first lunar month is called the Zhengri. He leads his wife and children to worship his ancestors." The customs and activities of celebrating the New Year are becoming increasingly widespread and diverse among the people throughout the country.

　　During the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were written records of the custom of observing the New Years Eve. As recorded in the "Fengtu Ji" written by Zhou Chu of the Jin Dynasty, on New Years Eve, everyone presented gifts to each other, known as "giving back the year"; Joyful gatherings from all ages, complete blessings, known as "dividing the years"; Staying awake all year round, waiting for dawn, is called "Shousui".

　　In the Tang Dynasty, people not only visited the door to pay respects to the New Year, but also invented a type of "New Year greeting card". Emperor Taizong of Tang, Li Shimin, used red gold foil to make greeting cards and wrote "Celebration for All" to bestow upon ministers. This form quickly became popular among the people, and plum blossom paper was used instead. At that time, this kind of "New Year greeting card" was called a "flying card".

　　During the Song Dynasty, it was common for people to use paper tubes and hemp stalks wrapped in gunpowder to weave into strings and make "firecrackers" (i.e. firecrackers). The custom of setting off firecrackers on New Years Eve and Spring Festival gradually became popular. "At night, the sound of firecrackers is heard outside the Forbidden City," said the "Dream of Tokyo"

　　In the Ming Dynasty, welcoming the Kitchen God, sticking to the Door God, observing the New Years Eve, and celebrating the 15th Lantern Festival were already popular. According to the "Annals of Jiaxing Prefecture in Wanli", "On New Years Eve, the door gods, peach charms, and spring couplets were changed, and the well and pond were all sealed. Firecrackers were used to burn purple, wine and fruit were gathered for drinking, and drums and gongs were used throughout the night, which is called" Shousui "."

　　The Qing Dynasty attached great importance to celebrating the Chinese New Year, and the imperial court celebrated it with great luxury. The emperor had the custom of writing blessings and bestowing them upon his courtiers. The Spring Festival is not over until the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival). Guessing lantern riddles is a popular way to have fun.

　　The Xinhai Revolution brought a new era, and the government advocated for a new calendar. In terms of etiquette, the previous etiquette of kneeling or bowing has been completely abolished and replaced with new etiquette such as taking off ones hat, bowing, shaking hands, and applauding, gradually becoming a civilized ritual in Chinese interpersonal communication.

　�。ㄋ模┠暌癸埥榻B

　　年夜飯，是春節(jié)習(xí)俗之一，又稱年晚飯、團(tuán)年飯、團(tuán)圓飯等，特指年尾除夕的闔家聚餐。年夜飯?jiān)从诠糯�的年終祭祀儀，拜祭神靈與祖先后團(tuán)圓聚餐。年夜飯是年前的重頭戲，不但豐富多彩，而且很講究寓意。吃團(tuán)年飯前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭儀式完畢后才開飯。席上一般有雞(寓意有計(jì))、魚(寓意年年有余)、蠔豉(寓意好市)、發(fā)菜(寓意發(fā)財(cái))、腐竹(寓意富足)、蓮藕(寓意聰明)、生菜(寓意生財(cái))、生蒜(寓意會(huì)計(jì)算)、臘腸(寓意長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)久久)等以求吉利。中國(guó)人的年夜飯是家人的團(tuán)圓聚餐，這頓是年尾最豐盛、最重要的一頓晚餐。

　　New Years Eve dinner is one of the customs of the Spring Festival, also known as the New Year dinner, reunion dinner, reunion dinner, especially the family reunion dinner at the end of the New Years Eve. New Years Eve dinner originated from the ancient year-end ritual, worship gods .

　　New Years Eve dinner is a major event of the year before, not only rich and colorful, but also very moral. Before the Lunar New Years dinner, worship gods and worship ancestors, and wait until the worship ceremony is completed before the meal is served.

　　There are chicken, fish, oyster sauce, vegetable, lotus root, lettuce, garlic and sausage for good fortune. Chinese New Years Eve dinner is a family reunion dinner, which is the most abundant and important dinner at the end of the year.

　�。ㄎ澹┐汗�(jié)的意義The significance of the Spring Festival

　　1.傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承Inheritance of Traditional Culture

　　大家過春節(jié)，其實(shí)是對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化的傳承，因?yàn)榇汗?jié)并不是近代才有的節(jié)日，從古代就有，是當(dāng)時(shí)是舜繼王位之后，帶領(lǐng)民眾進(jìn)行祭拜天地的時(shí)候，慢慢演變而來的，因此從古至今就有這樣春節(jié)這樣一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的節(jié)日。到了今天，大家在一起過春節(jié)，其實(shí)也是將古代傳承下來的這種傳統(tǒng)文化進(jìn)行傳承。

　　Everyone celebrating the Spring Festival is actually an inheritance of traditional Chinese culture, because the Spring Festival is not a festival that only existed in modern times. It has existed since ancient times and evolved from the time when Shun, following the throne, led the people to worship heaven and earth. Therefore, there has been a traditional festival like the Spring Festival from ancient times to the present. Today, when we celebrate the Spring Festival together, we are actually inheriting the traditional culture passed down from ancient times

　　2.代表闔家團(tuán)圓Representing family reunion

　　春節(jié)是定在每年臘月的30日，這一天過后，就是告別舊的一年，迎來新的一年了。所以這天不僅是春節(jié)，也是全家團(tuán)圓的日子，在外求學(xué)或者是工作的人都會(huì)回到自己的家鄉(xiāng)，回到自己的家庭，與家人們一起來吃上一個(gè)團(tuán)圓飯。所以春節(jié)對(duì)于很多人來說，是代表著闔家團(tuán)圓的日子，所以大家對(duì)春節(jié)是非常期待的。The Spring Festival is scheduled on the 30th day of the twelfth lunar month each year. After this day, it is time to bid farewell to the old year and welcome a new one. So this day is not only the Spring Festival, but also a day for family reunion. People who study or work outside will return to their hometowns, return to their families, and have a reunion dinner with their families. So for many people, the Spring Festival represents a day of family reunion, so everyone is very looking forward to the Spring Festival.

　　3.祈求幸福Pray for happiness

　　在春節(jié)很多地區(qū)都會(huì)有祭拜神靈，祭拜祖先的這樣的傳統(tǒng)祭拜習(xí)俗，是希望得到祖先神靈，天帝的保佑，在新的一年了能夠家庭幸福，生活美滿，事業(yè)有成，闔家團(tuán)圓，是對(duì)新年的一種期望，以及對(duì)新年的一種祈禱，充滿著非常美好的希望。In many regions during the Spring Festival, there is a traditional worship custom of worshipping gods and ancestors. It is hoped to receive the blessings of the ancestors, gods, and the Heavenly Emperor, so that in the new year, one can have a happy family, a happy life, successful career, and a family reunion. It is an expectation for the New Year and a prayer for the New Year, full of very beautiful hope.

　　4.歡騰慶祝Celebrating with joy

　　春節(jié)是中國(guó)的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，是非常重要的一個(gè)節(jié)日，所以在春節(jié)的時(shí)候，舉國(guó)歡慶，所有的商家，還有各個(gè)地方都會(huì)掛上紅燈籠，或者貼上春聯(lián)，然后還會(huì)舉辦各種民俗活動(dòng)，比如會(huì)舉辦一些燈會(huì)，或者會(huì)舞龍等等民俗活動(dòng)慶祝這樣的節(jié)日，這也是體現(xiàn)了中國(guó)的繁榮昌盛，國(guó)泰民安。

　　The Spring Festival is a traditional Chinese festival and a very important one. Therefore, during the Spring Festival, the whole country celebrates, and all businesses and places will hang red lanterns or paste Spring Festival couplets. Various folk activities will also be held, such as lantern festivals or dragon dances, to celebrate such festivals. This also reflects Chinas prosperity, national peace and security.

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　　春節(jié)來歷與傳說

　　一、春節(jié)的來歷The Origin of Spring Festival

　　春節(jié)，是農(nóng)歷的歲首，春節(jié)的另一名稱叫過年，是中國(guó)最盛大、最熱鬧、最重要的一個(gè)古老傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日，也是中國(guó)人所獨(dú)有的節(jié)日，是中華文明最集中的表現(xiàn)。春節(jié)的歷史很悠久，它起源于殷商時(shí)期年頭歲尾的祭神祭祖活動(dòng)。按照我國(guó)農(nóng)歷，正月初一古稱元日、元辰、元正、元朔、元旦等，俗稱年初一，到了民國(guó)時(shí)期，改用公歷，公歷的一月一日稱為元旦，把農(nóng)歷的一月一日叫春節(jié)。

　　春節(jié)和年的概念，最初的含意來自農(nóng)業(yè)，古時(shí)人們把谷的生長(zhǎng)周期稱為“年”，《說文。禾部》：“年，谷熟也：。在夏商時(shí)代產(chǎn)生了夏歷，以月亮圓缺的周期為月，一年劃分為十二個(gè)月，每月以不見月亮的那天為朔，正月朔日的子時(shí)稱為歲首，即一年的開始，也叫年，年的名稱是從周朝開始的，自西漢以來，春節(jié)的習(xí)俗一直延續(xù)到今天。春節(jié)一般指除夕和正月初一。但在民間，傳統(tǒng)意義上的春節(jié)是指從臘月初八的臘祭或臘月二十三或二十四的祭灶，一直到正月十五，其中以除夕和正月初一為高潮。如何過慶賀這個(gè)節(jié)日，在千百年的歷史發(fā)展中，形成了一些較為固定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，有許多還相傳至今。

　　在春節(jié)這一傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日期間，我國(guó)的漢族和大多數(shù)少數(shù)民族都有要舉行各種慶�；顒�(dòng)，這些活動(dòng)大多以祭祀神佛、祭奠祖先、除舊布新、迎禧接福、祈求豐年為主要內(nèi)容�；顒�(dòng)形式豐富多彩，帶有濃郁的民族特色。2006年5月20日，“春節(jié)”民俗經(jīng)國(guó)務(wù)院批準(zhǔn)列入第一批國(guó)家級(jí)非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄。

　　1949年9月27日，新中國(guó)成立，在中國(guó)人民政治協(xié)商會(huì)議第一屆全體會(huì)議上，通過了使用世界上通用的公歷紀(jì)元，把公歷的元月一日定為元旦，俗稱陽歷年；農(nóng)歷正月初一通常都在立春前后，因而把農(nóng)歷正月初一定為“春節(jié)”，俗稱陰歷年。

　　The Spring Festival, also known as the Chinese New Year, is the beginning of the lunar calendar. It is the most grand, lively, and important ancient traditional festival in China, and is also a unique festival for the Chinese people. It is the most concentrated expression of Chinese civilization. The history of the Spring Festival is very long. It originated from the worship of gods and ancestors at the beginning and end of the year in the Yin and Shang dynasties. According to the Chinese lunar calendar, the first day of the first lunar month was formerly known as Yuanri, Yuanchen, Yuanzheng, Yuanshuo, New Years Day, etc., commonly known as Nian Chuyi. In the Republican era, the Gregorian calendar was adopted, and the first day of the first lunar month was called New Years Day, while the first day of the first lunar month was called Spring Festival.

　　The concepts of Spring Festival and New Year originally came from agriculture. In ancient times, people referred to the growth cycle of grains as "year", Shuowen. Hebu: Year, Gu Shuya: In the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Xia calendar emerged, with the cycle of the moon being round and missing as the moon. A year is divided into twelve months, with the day when the moon is not seen as the new moon. The sub hour of the new moon in the first lunar month is called the beginning of the year, which is also known as the year. The name of the year starts from the Zhou dynasty. Since the Western Han dynasty, the customs of the Spring Festival have continued to this day. The Spring Festival generally refers to New Years Eve and the first day of the first lunar month. However, in folk culture, the traditional meaning of the Spring Festival is It refers to the sacrificial ceremony on the eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, or the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th day of the twelfth lunar month, all the way to the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, with New Years Eve and the first day of the first lunar month as the climax. How to celebrate this festival has formed some relatively fixed customs and habits over thousands of years of historical development, many of which are still passed down to this day.

　　During the traditional Chinese New Year holiday, the Han and most ethnic minorities in China hold various celebration activities, most of which focus on worshipping gods and Buddhas, paying homage to ancestors, demolishing the old and renovating the new, welcoming jubilees and blessings, and praying for a bountiful year. The activities are diverse and have strong ethnic characteristics. On May 20, 2006, the folk customs of the Spring Festival were approved by the State Council to be included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list.

　　On September 27, 1949, the Peoples Republic of China was established. At the first plenary session of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference, the universal Gregorian calendar era was adopted, and the first day of the first lunar month was designated as New Years Day, commonly known as the Gregorian year; The first day of the first lunar month is usually around the beginning of spring, so the first day of the first lunar month is always referred to as the "Spring Festival", commonly known as the lunar year.

　　二、春節(jié)的傳說The Legend of Spring Festival

　　春節(jié)傳說之一：熬年守歲

　　守歲，就是在舊年的最后一天夜里不睡覺，熬夜迎接新一年到來的習(xí)俗，也叫除夕守歲，俗名“熬年”。

　　探究這個(gè)習(xí)俗的來歷，在民間流傳著一個(gè)有趣的故事：太古時(shí)期，有一種兇猛的怪獸，散居在深山密林中，人們管它們叫“年”。它的形貌猙獰，生性兇殘，專食飛禽走獸、鱗介蟲豸，一天換一種口味，從磕頭蟲一直吃到大活人，讓人談“年”色變。后來，人們慢慢掌握了“年”的活動(dòng)規(guī)律，它是每隔三百六十五天竄到人群聚居的地方嘗一次口鮮，而且出沒的時(shí)間都是在天黑以后，等到雞鳴破曉，它們便返回山林中去了。

　　算準(zhǔn)了“年”肆虐的日期，百姓們便把這可怕的一夜視為關(guān)口來煞，稱作“年關(guān)”，并且想出了一整套過年關(guān)的辦法：每到這一天晚上，每家每戶都提前做好晚飯，熄火凈灶，再把雞圈牛欄全部拴牢，把宅院的前后門都封住，躲在屋里吃“年夜飯”，由于這頓晚餐具有兇吉未卜的意味，所以置辦得很豐盛，除了要全家老小圍在一起用餐表示和睦團(tuán)圓外，還須在吃飯前先供祭祖先，祈求平安地度過這一夜，吃過晚飯后，誰都不敢睡覺，擠坐在一起閑聊壯膽，這就逐漸形成了除夕熬年守歲的習(xí)慣。守歲習(xí)俗興起于南北朝，梁朝的不少文人都有守歲的詩文。“一夜連雙歲，五更分二年。”人們點(diǎn)起蠟燭或油燈，通宵守夜，象征著把一切邪瘟病疫趕跑驅(qū)走，期待著新的一年吉祥如意，這種風(fēng)俗被人們流傳至今。

　　One of the legends of the Spring Festival: staying up until the end of the year to observe the new year

　　Shousui, also known as New Years Eve Shousui, is a custom of staying up late to welcome the arrival of the new year without sleeping on the last night of the old year.

　　Exploring the origin of this custom, there is an interesting story circulating among the people: during the ancient times, there was a fierce monster that scattered in the deep mountains and forests, and people called them "years". It is ferocious in appearance and ferocious in nature. It specializes in eating birds and beasts, scale insects. It changes its taste every day, from kowtowing insects to living people, which makes people turn pale when talking about "Nian". Later on, people gradually mastered the activity pattern of "Nian". It went to crowded places every 365 days to taste fresh food, and appeared after dark. When the roosters crowed, they returned to the mountains and forests.

　　Having accurately calculated the date of the rampage of the New Year, the people regarded this terrible night as a gateway to evil, calling it the "New Years Eve", and came up with a whole set of ways to pass the New Years Eve: on this evening, every household prepares dinner in advance, turns off the fire and cleans the stove, then ties up all the chicken pens and cattle pens, seals the front and back doors of the courtyard, and hides inside to eat the "New Years Eve dinner". Due to the unpredictable meaning of this dinner, So the arrangement was very lavish. In addition to gathering the whole family to have a meal together to show harmony and reunion, it was also necessary to offer sacrifices to ancestors before eating, praying for a safe night. After dinner, no one dared to sleep and sat together chatting to strengthen their courage. This gradually formed the habit of staying up for the New Years Eve. The custom of observing the new year originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and many literati in the Liang Dynasty wrote poems and essays about observing the new year. People light candles or oil lamps and stay up all night, symbolizing the drive away of all evil diseases and epidemics, hoping for a good luck in the new year. This custom has been passed down to this day.

　　春節(jié)傳說之二：萬年創(chuàng)建歷法說

　　相傳，在古時(shí)候，有個(gè)名叫萬年的青年，看到當(dāng)時(shí)節(jié)令很亂，就有了想把節(jié)令定準(zhǔn)的打算。但是苦于找不到計(jì)算時(shí)間的方法，一天，他上山砍柴累了，坐在樹陰下休息，樹影的移動(dòng)啟發(fā)了他，他設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)測(cè)日影計(jì)天時(shí)的晷儀，測(cè)定一天的時(shí)間，后來，山崖上的滴泉啟發(fā)了他的靈感，他又動(dòng)手做了一個(gè)五層漏壺，來計(jì)算時(shí)間。天長(zhǎng)日久，他發(fā)現(xiàn)每隔三百六十多天，四季就輪回一次，天時(shí)的長(zhǎng)短就重復(fù)一遍。

　　當(dāng)時(shí)的'國(guó)君叫祖乙，也常為天氣風(fēng)云的不測(cè)感到苦惱。萬年知道后，就帶著日晷和漏壺去見皇上，對(duì)祖乙講清了日月運(yùn)行的道理。祖乙聽后龍顏大悅，感到有道理。于是把萬年留下，在天壇前修建日月閣，筑起日晷臺(tái)和漏壺亭，并希望能測(cè)準(zhǔn)日月規(guī)律，推算出準(zhǔn)確的晨夕時(shí)間，創(chuàng)建歷法，為天下的黎民百姓造福。

　　有一次，祖乙去了解萬年測(cè)試歷法的進(jìn)展情況。當(dāng)他登上日月壇時(shí)，看見天壇邊的石壁上刻著一首詩：

　　日出日落三百六，周而復(fù)始從頭來。

　　草木枯榮分四時(shí)，一歲月有十二圓。

　　知道萬年創(chuàng)建歷法已成，祖乙親自登上日月閣看望萬年。萬年指著天象，對(duì)祖乙說：“現(xiàn)在正是十二個(gè)月滿，舊歲已完，新春復(fù)始，祈請(qǐng)國(guó)君定個(gè)節(jié)吧”。祖乙說：“春為歲首，就叫春節(jié)吧”。據(jù)說這就是春節(jié)的來歷。冬去春來，年復(fù)一年，萬年經(jīng)過長(zhǎng)期觀察，精心推算，制定出了準(zhǔn)確的太陽歷，當(dāng)他把太陽歷呈奉給繼任的國(guó)君時(shí)，已是滿面銀須。國(guó)君深為感動(dòng)，為紀(jì)念萬年的功績(jī)，便將太陽歷命名為“萬年歷”，封萬年為日月壽星。以后，人們?cè)谶^年時(shí)掛上壽星圖，據(jù)說就是為了紀(jì)念德高望重的萬年。

　　Legend of the Spring Festival II: The Theory of Creating a Calendar for Ten Thousand Years

　　According to legend, in ancient times, there was a young man named Wan Nian who saw that the festivals were very chaotic at that time, so he had a plan to set the festivals accurately. But struggling to find a way to calculate the time, one day he was tired from chopping firewood on the mountain and sitting in the shade of a tree to rest. The movement of the tree shadow inspired him, and he designed a sundial to measure the time of the day. Later, the dripping spring on the cliff inspired him, and he also made a five layer leaky pot to calculate the time. Over time, he discovered that every 360 or so days, the four seasons cycle and the duration of the day repeats itself.

　　At that time, the rulers name was Zuyi, and he often felt distressed by the unpredictable weather. After learning about it for thousands of years, he brought a sundial and a teapot to the emperor and explained to Zu Yi the principles of the movement of the sun and moon. Upon hearing this, Zu Yi was greatly pleased with Long Yan and felt that it made sense. So he left behind for thousands of years, built the Sun and Moon Pavilion in front of the Temple of Heaven, built a sundial platform and a leaking teapot pavilion, and hoped to accurately measure the laws of the sun and moon, calculate the accurate morning and evening time, create a calendar, and benefit the people of the world.

　　Once, Zuyi went to learn about the progress of the Ten Thousand Year Test Calendar. When he climbed onto the Sun and Moon Altar, he saw a poem engraved on the stone wall next to the Temple of Heaven:

　　The sun rises and sets in a cycle of 36, starting from scratch.

　　Plants wither and flourish in four seasons, and one year has twelve circles.

　　Knowing that the calendar has been established for ten thousand years, Zu Yi personally climbed up to the Sun Moon Pavilion to visit ten thousand years. Wan Nian pointed to the celestial phenomena and said to Zu Yi, "Now it is twelve months old, the old year is over, and the new year is beginning again. I pray to the ruler to set a festival.". Zu Yi said, "Spring is the beginning of the year, lets call it Spring Festival.". It is said that this is the origin of the Spring Festival. Winter has passed and spring has arrived, year after year. Through long-term observation and careful calculation, an accurate solar calendar has been formulated. When he presented the solar calendar to his successor, it was already covered in silver whiskers. The monarch was deeply moved and named the solar calendar "Eternal Calendar" to commemorate the achievements of ten thousand years, and conferred the title of "Sun, Moon, and Longevity Star" on ten thousand years. In the future, people will hang longevity charts during the Chinese New Year, which are said to be in memory of the esteemed 10000 years.

　　春節(jié)傳說之三：貼春聯(lián)和門神

　　據(jù)說貼春聯(lián)的習(xí)俗，大約始于一千多年前的后蜀時(shí)期，這是有史為證的。此外根據(jù)《玉燭寶典》，《燕京歲時(shí)記》等著作記載，春聯(lián)的原始形式就是人們所說的“桃符”。

　　在中國(guó)古代神話中，相傳有一個(gè)鬼域的世界，當(dāng)中有座山，山上有一棵覆蓋三千里的大桃樹，樹梢上有一只金雞。每當(dāng)清晨金雞長(zhǎng)鳴的時(shí)候，夜晚出去游蕩的鬼魂必趕回鬼域。鬼域的大門坐落在桃樹的東北，門邊站著兩個(gè)神人，名叫神荼、郁壘。如果鬼魂在夜間干了傷天害理的事情，神荼、郁壘就會(huì)立即發(fā)現(xiàn)并將它捉住，用芒葦做的繩子把它捆起來，送去喂虎。因而天下的鬼都畏懼神荼、郁壘。于是民間就用桃木刻成他們的模樣，放在自家門口，以避邪防害。后來，人們干脆在桃木板上刻上神荼、郁壘的名字，認(rèn)為這樣做同樣可以鎮(zhèn)邪去惡。這種桃木板后來就被叫做“桃符”。

　　到了宋代，人們便開始在桃木板上寫對(duì)聯(lián)，一則不失桃木鎮(zhèn)邪的意義，二則表達(dá)自己美好心愿，三則裝飾門戶，以求美觀。又在象征喜氣吉祥的紅紙上寫對(duì)聯(lián)，新春之際貼在門窗兩邊，用以表達(dá)人們祈求來年福運(yùn)的美好心愿。

　　Legend of the Spring Festival: Posting Spring Festival couplets and door gods

　　It is said that the custom of pasting Spring Festival couplets began about a thousand years ago during the Later Shu period, as evidenced by history. In addition, according to works such as "Yuzhu Baodian" and "Yanjing Suishi Ji", the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "Taofu".

　　In ancient Chinese mythology, it is said that there was a world of ghosts, in which there was a mountain with a large peach tree covering three thousand miles and a golden rooster at the top. Whenever the golden rooster crows in the morning, the ghosts that wander out at night will rush back to the ghost realm. The gate of the Ghost Realm is located in the northeast of the peach tree, with two divine figures standing by the door, named Shentu and Yulei. If a ghost does something heinous at night, Shen Tu and Yu Lei will immediately notice and catch it, tie it up with a rope made of reeds, and send it to feed the tiger. Therefore, all ghosts in the world fear Shentu and Yulei. So the people used peach wood to carve their appearance and placed it at their doorstep to ward off evil and prevent harm. Later, people simply carved the names of Shentu and Yulei on peach wood boards, believing that doing so could also suppress evil and eliminate evil. This type of peach board was later called "peach talisman".

　　In the Song Dynasty, people began to write couplets on peach wood boards. Firstly, they did not lose the significance of peach wood to ward off evil, secondly, they expressed their beautiful wishes, and thirdly, they decorated the doors for aesthetics. Write couplets on red paper symbolizing good luck and good luck, and stick them on both sides of doors and windows during the Chinese New Year to express peoples beautiful wishes for good luck in the coming year.

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　　春節(jié)飲食習(xí)俗

　　1、臘八粥Laba Congee

　　“臘八節(jié)”這一天在中國(guó)民間有吃臘八粥的習(xí)俗。喝臘八粥在中國(guó)已有千年歷史，臘八粥又稱“大家飯”，是紀(jì)念民族英雄岳飛的一種節(jié)日食俗。臘，在遠(yuǎn)古時(shí)代本是一種祭禮的名稱，夏朝稱“清祀”，殷商稱“嘉平”，周朝時(shí)改稱“臘”�！芭D”是從“獵”字演變而來，故“臘”“獵”相通。因?yàn)橐粴q之終，農(nóng)作物已收曬完畢，農(nóng)閑了，人們便到野外獵取禽獸，用來祭祖先、敬百神，以祈福求壽、避災(zāi)迎祥，稱之為“臘祭”。先秦的臘日在冬至后的第三個(gè)戌日。中國(guó)喝臘八粥的歷史，已有一千多年，目前見到的最早文字記載是宋代孟元老的《東京夢(mèng)華錄》。每逢臘八這一天，不論富人還是窮人，家家都要喝臘八粥�！鹅胗洝そ继厣�》說蠟祭是“歲十二月，合聚萬物而索饗之也”，臘八粥以八方食物合在一塊，和米共煮一鍋，是合聚萬物、調(diào)和千靈之意。最早的'臘八粥是用紅小豆來煮，后經(jīng)演變，加之地方特色，逐漸豐富多彩起來�！芭D八粥”又叫“七寶粥”“五味粥”，不僅清香甜美，而且能暢胃氣，生津液，因而頗受人們喜食。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，花樣越來越多的臘八粥已發(fā)展成具有地方風(fēng)味的小吃。臘八節(jié)后，春節(jié)將至，人們便開始購(gòu)置年貨，打掃衛(wèi)生，布置居室，以嶄新的面貌迎接“年”的到來。It is a custom to eat Laba Congee among Chinese people on the day of Laba Festival. Drinking Laba Congee has a thousand year history in China. Laba Congee, also known as "everyones meal", is a festival food custom in memory of national hero Yue Fei. La, originally a name for sacrificial rituals in ancient times, was called "Qingsi" in the Xia Dynasty, "Jiaping" in the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and changed to "La" in the Zhou Dynasty. "La" evolved from the word "hunting", so "La" and "hunting" are interconnected. Because at the end of one year, crops have been harvested and sun dried, and farming is idle, people go to the wild to hunt birds and animals, to worship their ancestors, worship the gods, pray for blessings and longevity, avoid disasters and welcome good luck, which is called "La Festival". The twelfth day of the pre Qin period was on the third day after the winter solstice. China has a history of drinking Laba Congee for more than a thousand years. The earliest written record we have seen is the Record of Dreams in Tokyo by Elder Meng of the Song Dynasty. Every Laba day, whether rich or poor, every family will drink Laba Congee. The Sacrifice · Suburb Special Sacrifice says that the wax offering is "in December, gathering all things together and enjoying them". Laba Congee is made by combining all kinds of food and cooking together with rice, which means gathering all things together and harmonizing thousands of spirits. The earliest Laba Congee was cooked with red beans. After evolution, combined with local characteristics, it gradually became rich and colorful. "Laba Congee" is also called "Qibao Congee" and "Wuwei Congee". It is not only fragrant and sweet, but also can smooth stomach qi and produce fluid, so it is popular among people. With the development of the times, more and more Laba Congee has developed into a snack with local flavor. After the Laba Festival, as the Spring Festival approaches, people begin to purchase New Years goods, clean up, decorate their homes, and welcome the arrival of the New Year with a brand new look.

　　2、年糕Rice cake

　　春節(jié)吃年糕，“義取年勝年，籍以祈歲稔�！痹⒁馊f事如意年年高。年糕的種類有：北方有白糕饦、黃米糕；江南有水磨年糕；西南有糯粑粑；臺(tái)灣有紅龜糕。漢代楊雄的《方言》一書中就已有“糕”的稱謂，魏晉南北朝時(shí)已流行。賈思勰《齊民要術(shù)》記載了制做方法。明、清時(shí)，是糕已發(fā)展成市面上一種常年供應(yīng)的小食，并有南北風(fēng)味之別。北方年糕有蒸、炸二種，南方年糕除蒸、炸外，尚有片炒、湯煮諸法。Eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival symbolizes good luck and prosperity every year. The types of rice cakes include: white rice cakes and yellow rice cakes in the north; Jiangnan has water milled rice cakes; There are glutinous rice cakes in the southwest; Taiwan has red turtle cake. The term "gao" was already used in Yang Xiongs book "Dialects" during the Han Dynasty and became popular during the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Jia Sixies "Qi Min Yao Shu" recorded the method of production. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, cakes had developed into a perennial snack on the market, with distinct flavors from the north and south. There are two types of northern rice cakes: steamed and fried. In addition to steaming and frying, southern rice cakes also have various methods such as stir frying and soup boiling.

　　3、餃子Dumplings

　　北方年夜飯有吃餃子的傳統(tǒng)，但各地吃餃子的習(xí)俗亦不相同，有的地方除夕之夜吃餃子，有的地方初一吃餃子，北方一些山區(qū)還有初一到初五每天早上吃餃子的習(xí)俗。吃餃子是表達(dá)人們辭舊迎新之際祈福求吉愿望的特有方式。按照中國(guó)古代記時(shí)法，晚上11時(shí)到第二天凌晨1時(shí)為子時(shí)�！敖蛔印奔葱履昱c舊年相交的時(shí)刻。餃子就意味著更歲交子，過春節(jié)吃餃子被認(rèn)為是大吉大利。另外餃子形狀像，包餃子意味著包住福運(yùn)，吃餃子象征生活富裕。與北方不同，南方的年夜飯通常有火鍋和魚�；疱伔兄�，熱氣騰騰，溫馨撩人，紅紅火火；“魚”和“余”諧音，象征“吉慶有余”，也喻示著生活幸福，“年年有余”。南方還有一些地方過春節(jié)講究吃年糕，年年高（糕），象征收成一年比一年高，境界一年比一年高。There is a tradition of eating dumplings for New Years Eve dinner in the north, but the customs of eating dumplings vary in different regions. Some places eat dumplings on New Years Eve, some on New Years Day, and some mountainous areas in the north also have the custom of eating dumplings every morning from New Years Day to New Years Day. Eating dumplings is a unique way to express peoples wishes for blessings and good luck as they bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. According to the ancient Chinese timekeeping system, from 11pm to 1am the next day is the sub hour. "Jiaozi" refers to the moment when the new year intersects with the old year. Dumplings symbolize a new year of childbirth, and eating dumplings during the Spring Festival is considered auspicious. In addition, the shape of dumplings is similar, making dumplings means wrapping good luck, and eating dumplings symbolizes a prosperous life. Unlike in the north, the New Years Eve dinner in the south usually includes hot pot and fish. Hot pot boiling, steaming hot, warm and seductive, red and hot; "Fish" and "surplus" are homophonic, symbolizing "auspicious and surplus", and also symbolizing happiness in life, "surplus every year". There are also some places in the south that pay attention to eating rice cakes during the Spring Festival. The cakes are high every year, symbolizing that the harvest is getting higher and the realm is getting higher and higher year by year.

　　4、元宵Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival)

　　南方叫做“湯圓”，在江蘇，上海等地，大年初一早晨都有吃湯圓的習(xí)俗。元宵節(jié)，道教稱之為“上元節(jié)”。據(jù)元代伊土珍《（女郎）環(huán)環(huán)記》引《三余帖》記：嫦娥奔月后，羿思念成疾。正月十四日夜忽有童子求見，自稱為嫦娥之使，說：“夫人知君懷思，無從得降，明日乃月圓之候，君宜用米粉作丸，團(tuán)團(tuán)如月，置室西北方，叫夫人之名，三夕可降而�！濒嗳绶ǘ�行，嫦娥果然降臨�？梢娫�宵節(jié)吃元宵，是取“團(tuán)團(tuán)如月”的吉祥之意。明代時(shí)，元宵在北京已很常見，做法也與今天無異。清代康熙年間朝野盛行“八寶元宵”、馬思遠(yuǎn)元宵。民國(guó)初年還有袁世凱因元宵與“袁消”音同，故下令禁喊元宵之事。

　　The south is called "rice dumpling". In Jiangsu, Shanghai and other places, it is customary to eat rice dumpling on the morning of the New Years Day. The Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) is called "Shangyuan Festival" by Taoism. According to Yi Tuzhens "Huanhuan Ji" and "San Yu Tie" from the Yuan Dynasty, after Change rushed to the moon, Yi fell ill with longing. On the 14th day and night of the first month, a boy suddenly asked to see him. He called himself the envoy of Change and said, "My wife knows that you are missing, and there is no way to drop. Tomorrow is the day when the moon is full. You should use Rice noodles to make pills, which are as round as the moon. He is located in the northwest of the room, called his wife, and can drop in three nights." Yi walked like the law, and Change came. It can be seen that eating Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) on the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival means "round like the moon". In the Ming Dynasty, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) was very common in Beijing, and its practice was the same as today. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, "Eight Treasure Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival" and Ma Siyuan Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival were popular in the court and the public. In the early years of the Republic of China, Yuan Shikai also ordered a ban on the shouting of Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Lantern Festival because it sounded the same as "Yuan Xiao".

　　5、春卷Spring rolls

　　春卷也餅，立春吃春餅是中國(guó)一種古老風(fēng)俗。晉代已有“五芋盤”即“春盤”，是將春餅與菜同置一盤之內(nèi)。唐宋時(shí)立春吃春餅之風(fēng)漸盛，皇帝并以之賜近臣百官，當(dāng)時(shí)的春盤極為講究：“翠縷紅絲，金雞玉燕，備極精巧，每盤直萬錢”。民間也用以互相饋贈(zèng)。吃春餅的食俗也影響了兄弟民族。如耶律楚律隨成吉思汗征西域時(shí)就曾命廚師作春盤，并作詩日：“昨朝春日偶然忘，試作春盤我一嘗。本案初開銀線亂，砂瓶煮熟藕絲長(zhǎng)。勻和豌豆揉蔥白，細(xì)剪萎蒿點(diǎn)韭黃。也與何曾同是飽，區(qū)區(qū)何必待膏梁”。春餅發(fā)展到今天，形制隨地而異，食用時(shí)間也因地而別。有烙制、也有蒸制；或大如團(tuán)扇，或小如荷甲。

　　Spring rolls are also cakes. Eating spring cakes at the beginning of spring is an ancient custom in China. In the Jin Dynasty, there was already a "Five Taro Plate" or "Spring Plate", which placed spring cakes and vegetables on the same plate. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the trend of eating spring cakes at the beginning of spring gradually flourished, and the emperor bestowed them upon his close courtiers and officials. At that time, the spring dishes were extremely exquisite: "Cui Xi Hong Si, Jin Ji Yu Yan, exquisitely prepared, with each dish costing tens of thousands of yuan.". Folk people also use it for mutual gifts. The custom of eating spring cakes has also influenced the brotherly ethnic groups. When Yel ü Chu Lv accompanied Genghis Khan to conquer the Western Regions, he once ordered a chef to make a spring plate and wrote a poem: "Yesterday morning, I accidentally forgot to make a spring plate. I will try making a spring plate. At the beginning of this case, the silver thread was opened haphazardly, and the lotus root silk was cooked in a sand bottle. The peas were evenly mixed and kneaded with green onions, and the withered Artemisia annua was finely cut with leek yellow. It is also full like He Zeng, why wait for the paste beam?". Spring cakes have developed to this day, and their shapes and consumption times vary from place to place. It can be baked or steamed; Either as big as a fan, or as small as a lotus armor.

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　　春節(jié)民間習(xí)俗

　�。ㄒ唬┟袼最悇eFolk categories

　　傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日儀式與習(xí)俗活動(dòng)，是節(jié)日元素的重要內(nèi)容，承載著豐富多彩的節(jié)日文化底蘊(yùn)。歲節(jié)`（年節(jié)）是中國(guó)一個(gè)古老的節(jié)日，也是全年最重要的一個(gè)節(jié)日，在歷史發(fā)展中，雜糅了多地多種民俗為一體，形成了一些較為固定的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，有許多還相傳至今。這些活動(dòng)，可大體歸納為如下幾個(gè)方面：奉祀神靈，以應(yīng)天時(shí)；崇宗敬祖，維護(hù)親情；驅(qū)邪祛惡，以求平安；休閑娛樂，放松心情。百節(jié)年為首，春節(jié)是中華民族最隆重的傳統(tǒng)佳節(jié)，它不僅集中體現(xiàn)了中華民族的思想信仰、理想愿望、生活?yuàn)蕵泛臀幕�心理，而且還是祈福攘災(zāi)、飲食和娛樂活動(dòng)的狂歡式展示。

　　在春節(jié)期間，全國(guó)各地均有舉行各種賀歲活動(dòng)，各地因地域文化不同而又存在著習(xí)俗內(nèi)容或細(xì)節(jié)上的差異，帶有濃郁的各地域特色。春節(jié)期間的慶�；顒�(dòng)極為豐富多樣，有舞獅、飄色、舞龍、游神、廟會(huì)、逛花街、賞花燈、游鑼鼓、游標(biāo)旗、燒煙花、祈福、摜春，也有踩高蹺、跑旱船、扭秧歌等等。春節(jié)期間貼年紅、守歲、吃團(tuán)年飯、拜年等各地皆有之，但因風(fēng)土人情的不同，細(xì)微處又各有其特色。春節(jié)民俗形式多樣、內(nèi)容豐富，是中華民族的生活文化精粹的集中展示。春節(jié)各種民俗儀式中經(jīng)�？吹郊郎竦膬�(nèi)容。

　　春節(jié)是除舊布新的日子，春節(jié)雖定在農(nóng)歷正月初一，但春節(jié)的活動(dòng)卻并不止于正月初一這天。從年尾小年起，人們便開始“忙年”：祭灶、掃塵、購(gòu)置年貨、貼年紅、洗頭沐浴、張燈結(jié)彩等等，所有這些活動(dòng)，有一個(gè)共同的主題，即“辭舊迎新”。春節(jié)是個(gè)歡樂祥和、合家團(tuán)圓的節(jié)日，也是人們抒發(fā)對(duì)幸福和自由向往的狂歡節(jié)和永遠(yuǎn)的精神支柱。春節(jié)也是敦親祀祖、祭祝祈年的日子。祭祀是一種信仰活動(dòng)，是人類在遠(yuǎn)古生存活動(dòng)而創(chuàng)造出來的期望與天地自然和諧共生的信仰活動(dòng)。

　　Traditional festival rituals and customs are important elements of festivals, carrying a rich and colorful cultural heritage. New Years Day is an ancient Chinese festival and the most important festival of the year. In the development of history, it has mixed various folk customs from various regions and formed some relatively fixed customs, many of which are still passed down to this day. These activities can be broadly summarized into the following aspects: worshipping gods to respond to the times; Respecting ancestors and upholding family ties; Drive away evil and seek peace; Leisure and entertainment, relaxing the mood. Starting with a hundred festivals, the Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It not only embodies the ideological beliefs, ideal wishes, life entertainment, and cultural psychology of the Chinese nation, but also serves as a carnival display for praying for blessings, fighting disasters, eating, and entertainment activities.

　　During the Spring Festival, various New Year celebrations are held throughout the country. Due to regional cultural differences, there are differences in customs and details, which have strong regional characteristics. The celebration activities during the Spring Festival are extremely rich and diverse, including lion dance, floating colors, dragon dance, wandering gods, temple fairs, flower streets, flower lanterns, playing gongs and drums, cursor flags, fireworks, praying for blessings, and playing spring. There are also activities such as walking on stilts, running dry boats, and dancing yangko. During the Spring Festival, there are various local customs such as posting New Years greetings, observing the New Year, eating reunion meals, and paying New Years greetings. However, due to different customs and traditions, each has its own unique features in every detail. The Spring Festival folk customs have diverse forms and rich content, which is a concentrated display of the essence of the Chinese nations life and culture. In various folk rituals during the Spring Festival, we often see the content of worshipping gods.

　　The Spring Festival is a day of getting rid of the old and replacing the new. Although it is scheduled on the first day of the first lunar month, the activities of the Spring Festival are not limited to that day. Since the end of the Chinese New Year, people have been busy with activities such as offering sacrifices to stoves, sweeping dust, purchasing New Years goods, sticking New Years red envelopes, washing hair and bathing, and decorating lanterns and decorations. All of these activities have a common theme, which is "bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new". The Spring Festival is a joyful, peaceful, and family reunion festival, as well as a carnival for people to express their longing for happiness and freedom, and an eternal spiritual pillar. The Spring Festival is also a day for worshipping ancestors and praying for the new year. Sacrifice is a belief activity created by human beings in ancient times, hoping to coexist harmoniously with nature.

　　游老爺Master You

　　春節(jié)更是民眾娛樂狂歡的節(jié)日。元日子時(shí)交年時(shí)刻，鞭炮齊響、煙花滿天，辭舊歲、迎新年等各種慶賀新春活動(dòng)達(dá)于高潮。年初一早上各家焚香致禮，敬天地、祭列祖，然后依次給尊長(zhǎng)拜年，繼而同族親友互致祝賀。元日以后，各種豐富多彩的娛樂活動(dòng)競(jìng)相開展，為新春佳節(jié)增添了濃郁的喜慶氣氛。節(jié)日的熱烈氣氛不僅洋溢在各家各戶，也充滿各地的大街小巷。這期間花燈滿城，游人滿街，熱鬧非凡，盛況空前，直要鬧到正月十五元宵節(jié)過后，春節(jié)才算真正結(jié)束。因此，集祈年、慶賀、娛樂為一體的盛典春節(jié)成了中華民族最隆重的佳節(jié)。春節(jié)反映了自然時(shí)空的新舊交換，具有除舊布新、祈福納祥、感念先恩、闔家團(tuán)圓的美好寓意。

　　The Spring Festival is also a festival for people to entertain and celebrate. On the occasion of the New Year, firecrackers were set off and fireworks filled the sky. Various celebrations such as bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the new year reached their climax. On the morning of the first day of the Lunar New Year, each family burns incense to pay tribute to heaven and earth, and sacrifices to ancestors. Then, they pay New Years greetings to their elders in turn, and then exchange congratulations with their relatives and friends of the same clan. After the New Year, various rich and colorful entertainment activities are being carried out, adding a strong festive atmosphere to the Chinese New Year holiday. The warm atmosphere of the festival not only permeates every household, but also fills the streets and alleys of various places. During this period, the city was full of lanterns and the streets were full of tourists, which was very lively and unprecedented. The Spring Festival was not really over until after the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival on the 15th day of the first month. Therefore, the Spring Festival, which integrates praying for the new year, celebrating, and entertainment, has become the most solemn festival of the Chinese nation. The Spring Festival reflects the exchange of old and new in natural time and space, with a beautiful meaning of eliminating the old and bringing new things, praying for blessings and receiving good fortune, expressing gratitude for previous kindness, and family reunion.

　�。ǘ�）傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗traditional custom

　　●買年貨Buy New Years goods

　　中國(guó)的年俗文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng)，全國(guó)各地衍生出紛繁多樣的過年習(xí)俗，南北迥異，各具特色。雖然各地習(xí)俗不盡相同，但是備年貨、送年禮卻是幾乎全國(guó)上下的“過年必備”。置辦年貨，包括吃的、穿的、戴的、用的、貼的（年紅）、送的（拜年）禮物等等，統(tǒng)名曰之“年貨”，而把采購(gòu)年貨的過程稱之為“辦年貨”。辦年貨是中國(guó)人過春節(jié)的一項(xiàng)重要活動(dòng)。

　　民間諺語稱“臘月二十六 ，割年肉”，說的是這一天主要籌備過年的肉食。將“割年肉”放入年謠，是因?yàn)檗r(nóng)耕社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)不發(fā)達(dá)，人們只有在一年一度的年節(jié)中才能吃到肉，故此稱為“年肉”。

　　Chinas traditional Chinese New Year culture has a long and rich history, and a variety of Chinese New Year customs have emerged throughout the country, with distinct characteristics in the north and south. Although customs vary in different regions, preparing New Years goods and giving New Years gifts are almost a must-have throughout the country. The process of purchasing New Years goods, including food, clothing, wearing, using, pasting (New Years red), giving (New Years greetings) gifts, etc., is collectively referred to as "New Years goods", and the process of purchasing New Years goods is called "processing New Years goods". Selling New Years goods is an important activity for Chinese people during the Spring Festival.

　　The folk proverb goes "On the 26th day of the twelfth lunar month, cut the meat of the New Year", which means that on this day, the main preparation is for meat for the Chinese New Year. The reason why "cutting New Years meat" is included in the New Years rhyme is because the agricultural society and economy are not developed, and people can only eat meat during the annual festival, so it is called "New Years meat".

　　●祭灶Sacrificial stove

　　民間祭灶，源于古人拜火習(xí)俗。如《釋名》中說：“灶。造也，創(chuàng)食物也�！痹钌竦穆氊�(zé)就是執(zhí)掌灶火，管理飲食，后來擴(kuò)大為考察人間善惡，以降福禍。祭灶在中國(guó)民間有幾千年歷史了，灶神信仰是中國(guó)百姓對(duì)“衣食有余”夢(mèng)想追求的反映。The folk worship of the stove originated from the ancient custom of worshipping fire. As stated in "Shi Ming": "Stove. Create, create food." The responsibility of the Kitchen God is to control the stove, manage food, and later expand it to examine the good and evil of humanity, in order to bring good and evil. The worship of the Kitchen God has a history of thousands of years in Chinese folk culture, and it reflects the Chinese peoples pursuit of the dream of having more than enough food and clothing.

　　●掃塵Sweeping dust

　　在民間，新年前夕有“臘月二十四，掃塵（亦稱掃屋）的習(xí)俗。民諺稱“二十四，掃房子”。民間稱做“掃塵日”。掃塵就是年終大掃除，家家戶戶都要打掃環(huán)境，清洗各種器具，拆洗被褥窗簾，灑掃六閭庭院，撣拂塵垢蛛網(wǎng)，疏浚明渠暗溝。到處洋溢著歡歡喜喜搞衛(wèi)生、干干凈凈迎新春的歡樂氣氛。按民間的說法：因“塵”與“陳”諧音，年前掃塵有“除陳布新”的涵義。掃塵用意是要把一切窮運(yùn)、晦氣統(tǒng)統(tǒng)掃出門，以祈來年清吉。In folk culture, there is a custom of sweeping the house on the eve of the New Year on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. The folk saying goes, "Sweep the house on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month.". Commonly known as "Sweeping Dust Day". Sweeping dust is a year-end cleaning, where every household has to clean the environment, clean various utensils, dismantle and wash bedding and curtains, sweep the courtyard of Liulu, brush off dust and dirt, and dredge open channels and hidden ditches. Everywhere is filled with a joyful atmosphere of cleaning and welcoming the Chinese New Year with cleanliness. According to folk belief, because "dust" sounds like "Chen", sweeping the dust before the New Year has the meaning of "removing the old and replacing the new". The purpose of sweeping away dust is to sweep away all the misfortunes and misfortunes, in order to pray for a clear and auspicious year ahead.

　　●貼年紅（揮春）Sticking New Years Red (Swinging Spring)

　　年廿八、廿九或三十日家家戶戶“貼年紅”（年紅是春聯(lián)、門神、年畫、福字、橫批、窗花等的統(tǒng)稱，因這些是過年時(shí)貼的紅色喜慶元素，所以統(tǒng)稱為“年紅”）。貼年紅是中華傳統(tǒng)過年習(xí)俗，它反映了人民大眾的風(fēng)俗和信仰，增添喜慶的節(jié)日氣氛，并寄予著人們對(duì)新年新生活的美好期盼。

　�、刨N春聯(lián)：根據(jù)《玉燭寶典》、《燕京歲時(shí)記》等文學(xué)作品記載，春聯(lián)的原始形式就是人們所說的“桃符”。春聯(lián)的另一來源是春貼，古人在立春日多貼“宜春”二字，后漸漸發(fā)展為春聯(lián)。貼春聯(lián)也叫貼門對(duì)、春貼、對(duì)聯(lián)、對(duì)子、桃符等，它以工整、對(duì)偶、簡(jiǎn)潔、精巧的文字描繪時(shí)代背景，抒發(fā)美好愿望，是中國(guó)特有的文學(xué)形式。每逢春節(jié)，無論城市還是農(nóng)村，家家戶戶都要精選一幅大紅春聯(lián)貼于門上，為節(jié)日增加喜慶氣氛。

　�、瀑N年畫：春節(jié)掛貼年畫在城鄉(xiāng)也很普遍，濃墨重彩的年畫給千家萬戶平添了許多興旺歡樂的喜慶氣氛。年畫是中國(guó)的一種古老的民間藝術(shù)，反映了人民樸素的風(fēng)俗和信仰，寄托著他們對(duì)未來的希望。隨著木板印刷術(shù)的興起，年畫的內(nèi)容已不僅限于門神之類單調(diào)的主題，變得豐富多彩。

　�、谴盎ㄅc“�！弊郑涸诿耖g人們還喜歡在窗戶上貼上各種剪紙——窗花。窗花不僅烘托了喜慶的節(jié)日氣氛，也集裝飾性、欣賞性和實(shí)用性于一體。同時(shí)，一些人家要在屋門上、墻壁上、門楣上貼上大大小小的“�！弊�。民間還有將“福”字精描細(xì)做成各種圖案的，圖案有壽星、壽桃、鯉魚跳龍門、五谷豐登、龍鳳呈祥等。

　　On the 28th, 29th, or 30th day of the Lunar New Year, every household will paste "New Years Red" ("New Years Red" refers to the collective term for Spring Festival couplets, door gods, New Year paintings, auspicious characters, horizontal scrolls, window decorations, etc., which are red festive elements pasted during the Chinese New Year, so they are collectively referred to as "New Years Red"). Tie Nian Hong is a traditional Chinese New Year custom, which reflects the customs and beliefs of the people, adds a festive atmosphere, and sends peoples beautiful expectations for the new year and new life.

　　(1) Posting Spring Festival couplets: According to literary works such as "Jade Candle Treasure Encyclopedia" and "Yanjing Suishi Ji", the original form of Spring Festival couplets is what people call "peach symbols". Another source of spring couplets is spring couplets. In ancient times, the word "Yichun" was often pasted on the day of the beginning of spring, which gradually developed into spring couplets. Posting Spring Festival couplets, also known as door couplets, spring couplets, couplets, couplets, and peach symbols, is a unique literary form in China that depicts the historical background with neat, dual, concise, and exquisite writing, expressing beautiful wishes. Every Spring Festival, whether in urban or rural areas, every household should carefully select a large red Spring Festival couplet to stick on their doors, adding a festive atmosphere to the festival.

　�、� Posting New Year paintings: It is also common to hang New Year paintings during the Spring Festival in urban and rural areas. The colorful New Year paintings add a lot of prosperity and joy to thousands of households. New Year paintings are an ancient folk art in China, reflecting the simple customs and beliefs of the people, and expressing their hope for the future. With the rise of woodblock printing, the content of New Year paintings is no longer limited to monotonous themes such as door gods, but has become rich and colorful.

　　⑶ Window decorations and the word "Fu": in the folk people also like to stick various Paper Cuttings on the windows - window decorations. Window decorations not only enhance the festive atmosphere, but also integrate decoration, appreciation, and practicality. At the same time, some families need to paste the words "fu" of all sizes on the door, wall, and lintel. There are also folk designs that finely depict the character "fu" into various patterns, including longevity stars, longevity peaches, carp jumping over the dragon gate, abundant grains, and auspicious dragons and phoenixes.

　　●年夜飯New Years Eve dinner

　　年夜飯，又稱年晚飯、團(tuán)年飯等，特指歲末除夕的闔家聚餐。年夜飯?jiān)从诠糯�的年終祭祀儀，拜祭神靈與祖先后團(tuán)圓聚餐。年夜飯是年前的重頭戲，不但豐富多彩，而且很講究意頭。吃團(tuán)年飯前先拜神祭祖，待拜祭儀式完畢后才開飯。席上一般有雞（寓意有計(jì)）、魚（寓意年年有余）、蠔豉（寓意好市）、發(fā)菜（寓意發(fā)財(cái)）、腐竹（寓意富足）、蓮藕（寓意聰明）、生菜（寓意生財(cái)）、臘腸（寓意長(zhǎng)久）等以求吉利。中國(guó)人的年夜飯是家人的團(tuán)圓聚餐，這頓是年尾最豐盛、最重要的一頓晚餐。

　　年夜飯的名堂很多，南北各地不同，而且各有講究。北方人過年習(xí)慣吃餃子，這是古時(shí)候流傳下來的習(xí)慣。由于地理氣候方面原因，春節(jié)期間北方還處于萬物閉藏的寒冬，冬天的北方地區(qū)白茫茫一片，冰天雪地，基本上沒辦法種植作物，資源匱乏，可選用的食材不多。而南方地區(qū)，尤其是沿海一些地方，基本上四季綠意盎然，南方冬季在蔬果等食材上占有極大的優(yōu)勢(shì)，所以在飲食的選擇上具有更多的選擇性；在地利方面，又得益于水資源充沛分布廣所以各類漁獲充足食材多樣；所以在一些重要的節(jié)日上，南方的飲食會(huì)豐富多樣一些。

　　New Years Eve dinner, also known as New Years dinner and reunion dinner, refers to the family dinner at the end of the year and New Years Eve. The New Years Eve dinner originated from the ancient year-end ritual, where gods and ancestors were worshipped and reunited for a meal. The New Years Eve dinner is the highlight of the New Years Eve, not only rich and colorful, but also very thoughtful. Before eating the Chinese New Year meal, pay homage to the gods and ancestors, and only serve after the worship ceremony is completed. Generally, there are chicken (meaning there is a plan), fish (meaning there is more than one year), oyster sauce (meaning good market), hair dish (meaning rich), Rolls of dried bean milk creams (meaning rich), lotus root (meaning smart), lettuce (meaning rich), sausage (meaning long), etc. on the table for luck. The Chinese New Years Eve dinner is a family reunion dinner, and it is the most sumptuous and important dinner at the end of the year.

　　There are many famous places for the New Years Eve dinner, different from the north and south, and each has its own unique style. Northerners have a tradition of eating dumplings during the Chinese New Year, which has been passed down from ancient times. Due to geographical and climatic reasons, during the Spring Festival, the northern region is still in a cold winter with all things hidden away. In winter, the northern region is covered in a vast expanse of white, with ice and snow, and it is basically impossible to plant crops. Resources are scarce, and there are not many available ingredients to choose from. In the southern region, especially along the coast, there is generally abundant greenery throughout the year. In winter, the southern region has a great advantage in vegetables and fruits, so it has more choices in food choices; In terms of geographical advantage, it also benefits from abundant water resources and wide distribution, which leads to abundant fishing and diverse food ingredients; So on some important festivals, the cuisine in the south will be more diverse and diverse.

　　●守歲Shousui

　　除夕守歲是年俗活動(dòng)之一，守歲之俗由來已久。守歲的民俗主要表現(xiàn)為所有房子都點(diǎn)燃?xì)q火，合家歡聚，并守“歲火”不讓熄滅，等著辭舊迎新的時(shí)刻，迎接新歲到來。除夕夜燈火通宵不滅，曰“燃燈照歲”或“點(diǎn)歲火”，所有房子都點(diǎn)上燈燭，還要專門在床底點(diǎn)燈燭，遍燃燈燭，謂之“照虛耗”，據(jù)說如此照過之后，就會(huì)使來年家中財(cái)富充實(shí)。Watching the New Years Eve is one of the traditional activities, and the custom of watching the New Year has a long history. The folk custom of staying up for the new year is mainly manifested in all houses lighting up the fire, families gathering together, and keeping the fire burning, waiting for the moment of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new year. On New Years Eve, the lights remain lit all night, known as "lighting the New Years Eve" or "lighting the New Years Eve fire". All houses are lit with candles, and special candles are also lit under the bed. Burning the candles repeatedly is called "lighting up waste". It is said that after being illuminated in this way, it will enrich the wealth of the family in the coming year.

　　●壓歲錢New Years money

　　壓歲錢，年俗之一，年晚飯后長(zhǎng)輩要將事先準(zhǔn)備好的壓歲錢派發(fā)給晚輩，據(jù)說壓歲錢可以壓住邪祟，晚輩得到壓歲錢就可以平平安安度過一歲。壓歲錢在民俗文化中寓意辟邪驅(qū)鬼，保佑平安。壓歲錢最初的用意是鎮(zhèn)惡驅(qū)邪。因?yàn)槿藗冋J(rèn)為小孩容易受鬼祟的侵害，所以用壓歲錢壓祟驅(qū)邪。

　　在歷史上，壓歲錢是分多種的，一般在新年倒計(jì)時(shí)時(shí)由長(zhǎng)輩派發(fā)給晚輩，表示壓祟，包含著長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩的關(guān)切之情和真切祝福；另一種就是晚輩給老人的，這個(gè)壓歲錢的“歲”指的是年歲，意在期盼老人長(zhǎng)壽�？勺匪莸淖钤鐗簹q錢文字記載在漢代，又叫壓勝錢，并不在市面上流通，而是鑄成錢幣形式的玩賞物，有避邪的功能。

　　New Years money, one of the customs of the Chinese New Year, is distributed by elders to younger generations after dinner. It is said that New Years money can suppress evil spirits, and younger generations can spend a year peacefully by receiving New Years money. New Years money symbolizes warding off evil spirits and warding off ghosts, and blessing peace in folk culture. The original purpose of New Years money was to suppress evil and drive away evil spirits. Because people believe that children are susceptible to sneaky attacks, they use lucky money to suppress and ward off evil spirits.

　　In history, New Years money has been divided into various types. Generally, during the countdown to the New Year, it is distributed by elders to younger generations to express their gratitude and genuine blessings; Another type is the money given by younger generations to the elderly, and the "year" of this lucky money refers to years, hoping for the elderly to live a long life. The earliest written record of Chinese New Year coins can be traced back to the Han Dynasty, also known as Chinese New Year coins. They were not circulated in the market, but were minted into coins as a form of entertainment, with the function of warding off evil spirits.

　　●游神Wandering God

　　游神，是傳統(tǒng)賀歲習(xí)俗之一。游神，又稱圣駕巡游、游老爺、營(yíng)老爺、游菩薩、游神賽會(huì)、年例、迎神、迎年、游春、行香、菩薩行鄉(xiāng)、抬神像、神像出巡等等，是指人們?cè)谛履昶陂g或其它喜慶節(jié)日里，又或諸神圣誕的這一天，到神廟里將行身神像請(qǐng)進(jìn)神轎里，然后抬出廟宇游境，接受民眾的香火膜拜，寓意神明降落民間，巡視鄉(xiāng)里，保佑合境平安。主旨是酬神、消災(zāi)、祈福等。游神沿途伴隨有鑼鼓、嗩吶、神偶、舞獅、舞龍、飄色、標(biāo)旗、游燈、八音、雜技及樂隊(duì)演奏等豐富多彩藝陣表演。是集拜神、祈禱、歡慶、宴客為一體的傳統(tǒng)民俗活動(dòng)。

　　游神在潮汕地區(qū)又稱為“游神賽會(huì)”、“營(yíng)老爺”，是潮汕地區(qū)的傳統(tǒng)民間民俗活動(dòng)；每年春節(jié)期間，按時(shí)間順序，各村鎮(zhèn)輪流舉行民間游神活動(dòng)，場(chǎng)面熱鬧非凡。在粵西地區(qū)又稱為“游老爺”、“游菩薩”，或稱“年例”；所謂年例，即“溯古例今、年年有例”。在北流一帶亦是稱為“年例”。在珠三角地區(qū)又稱為“菩薩行鄉(xiāng)”，眾人抬神像巡游，繞村一周，接受祈福。在福州又稱為“迎神”，農(nóng)歷的正月初三至十五，便是游神的時(shí)間，成為鄉(xiāng)村“做年”的重要活動(dòng)之一；游神常以村為單位，有時(shí)數(shù)村聯(lián)合，在鑼鼓和鞭炮聲中結(jié)隊(duì)巡游村境，百姓夾道觀看、迎接，場(chǎng)面熱烈。

　　The wandering god is one of the traditional New Year customs. The wandering deity, also known as the Holy Driving Parade, Lord You, Lord Ying, Bodhisattva You, God You Competition, Annals, Welcoming the Gods, Welcoming the New Year, Spring Festival, Incense, Bodhisattvas Hometown, Carrying Gods, and Statues on a Tour, refers to people bringing walking deities into the divine sedan chair at the temple during the New Year or other festive festivals, or on the day of the gods Christmas, and then carrying them out of the temple to receive incense and worship from the people, symbolizing the landing of gods among the people, Patrol the village and bless the peace of the border. The main theme is to reward the gods, dispel disasters, pray for blessings, etc. Along the way, the wandering gods are accompanied by colorful performances such as gongs and drums, suona, divine dolls, lion dances, dragon dances, fluttering colors, flags, lanterns, eight notes, acrobatics, and band performances. It is a traditional folk activity that integrates worshipping gods, praying, celebrating, and entertaining guests.

　　Youshen, also known as "Youshen Competition" or "Yinglaoye" in the Chaoshan area, is a traditional folk activity in the Chaoshan area; During the Spring Festival every year, in chronological order, each village and town takes turns to hold folk god activities, and the scene is lively and extraordinary. In the western region of Guangdong, it is also known as "You Laoye", "You Bodhisattva", or "Nian Li"; The so-called chronological order refers to the practice of tracing back to the past and present, with annual orders. In the Beiliu area, it is also known as the "annual calendar". In the Pearl River Delta region, also known as the "Bodhisattva Traveling Village," people carry deities and parade around the village to receive blessings. In Fuzhou, also known as "welcoming the gods", the third to fifteenth day of the first lunar month is the time to visit the gods, which has become one of the important activities for rural New Year celebrations; The wandering gods often take villages as a unit, and sometimes several villages join forces to patrol the village with the sound of gongs, drums, and firecrackers. The people watch and welcome them along the way, creating a lively scene.

　　●拜歲New Years greetings

　　拜歲，年俗活動(dòng)之一。在歲首早上迎新歲，拜祭“歲神”�！皻q”又名為“攝提”、“太歲”，上古紀(jì)元星名。太歲也是民間信仰的神靈。歲以六十甲子的干支紀(jì)年法為運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)周期，共六十位，每年有一位歲神當(dāng)值，在當(dāng)年當(dāng)值的太歲謂之“值年太歲”，是一歲之主宰，掌管當(dāng)年人間的吉兇禍福。如《三命通會(huì)》中所講：“夫太歲者，乃一歲之主宰，諸神之領(lǐng)袖”。拜歲是歷史最悠久的過年傳統(tǒng)風(fēng)俗，這古俗如今在廣東，尤其在吳川一帶仍盛行。在新年初一辭舊迎新之際，迎新歲、拜祭歲神、接福。Worshiping the New Year is one of the traditional Chinese New Year activities. On the morning of the beginning of the year, we welcome the new year and pay homage to the "God of the Year". "Sui", also known as "Sheti" or "Taisui", is an ancient era star name. Tai Sui is also a deity in folk beliefs. The annual cycle is based on the 60 year old system of the stem and branch chronology, with a total of 60 people. Each year, there is a year old deity on duty, and the Tai Sui who is on duty that year is called the "Value Year Tai Sui". He is the ruler of the year and is in charge of the good and bad fortune of the human world that year. As stated in the "Sanming Tonghui": "The Fu Taisui is the ruler of one year and the leader of the gods.". Worshiping the New Year is the oldest traditional Chinese New Year custom in history, which is still prevalent in Guangdong, especially in the Wuchuan area. On the occasion of bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new on the first day of the New Year, we welcome the new year, offer sacrifices to the God of the Year, and receive blessings.

　　●廟會(huì)Temple fairs

　　逛廟會(huì)是春節(jié)期間的民俗活動(dòng)之一。廣府廟會(huì)與北京地壇廟會(huì)并稱中國(guó)兩大廟會(huì)。涵蓋木偶薈萃、中華絕活、武林大會(huì)、元宵燈會(huì)等主題活動(dòng)，包含了祈福文化、民俗文化、美食文化、商貿(mào)休閑文化等豐富的內(nèi)容。Visiting temple fairs is one of the folk activities during the Spring Festival. Guangfu Temple Fair and Beijing Ditan Temple Fair are both known as the two major temple fairs in China. It covers theme activities such as Puppet Gathering, Chinese Unique Skills, Wulin Convention, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Lantern Festival, etc., and contains rich contents such as blessing culture, folk culture, food culture, trade and leisure culture.

　　●拜年New Years greetings

　　春節(jié)期間走訪拜年是年節(jié)傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗之一，是人們辭舊迎新、相互表達(dá)美好祝愿的一種方式。初二、三就開始走親戚看朋友，相互拜年，道賀祝福，說些恭賀新喜、恭喜發(fā)財(cái)、恭喜、新年好等話。拜年的意義所在是親朋好友之間走訪聯(lián)絡(luò)感情、互賀新年，表達(dá)對(duì)親朋間的情懷以及對(duì)新一年生活的美好祝福。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，拜年的習(xí)俗亦不斷增添新的內(nèi)容和形式。

　　Visiting and paying respects during the Spring Festival is one of the traditional customs of the festival, which is a way for people to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new, and express good wishes to each other. Starting from the second and third day of junior high school, we start visiting relatives and friends, paying New Year greetings to each other, wishing each other good luck, and saying things such as congratulations on the new year, wealth, happiness, and a happy new year. The significance of New Years greetings is to visit and connect with family and friends, congratulate each other on the New Year, express feelings for family and friends, and offer good wishes for the new years life. With the development of the times, the custom of paying New Years greetings has also continuously added new content and forms.

　　●燒炮竹Burning firecrackers

　　中國(guó)民間有“開門炮仗”一說。即在新的一年到來之際，家家戶戶開門的第一件事就是燒炮竹，以嗶嗶叭叭的爆竹聲除舊迎新。炮竹是中國(guó)特產(chǎn)，亦稱“爆仗”、“爆竹”、“炮仗”、“鞭炮”。其起源很早，關(guān)于爆竹的演變過程，《通俗編排優(yōu)》記載道：“古時(shí)爆竹。皆以真竹著火爆之，故唐人詩亦稱爆竿。后人卷紙為之。稱曰“爆竹”。

　　炮竹的原始目的是迎神與驅(qū)邪。后來以其強(qiáng)烈的喜慶色彩發(fā)展為辭舊迎新的象征符號(hào)。燒炮竹可以創(chuàng)造出喜慶熱鬧的氣氛，是節(jié)日的一種娛樂活動(dòng)，可以給人們帶來歡愉和吉利。

　　There is a saying among the Chinese people that "open the door and engage in artillery battles". On the occasion of the new year, the first thing every household does when they open their doors is to set fire to firecrackers, using the beeping sound of firecrackers to dispel the old and welcome the new. Firecrackers are a Chinese specialty, also known as "explosive firecrackers", "firecrackers", "firecrackers", and "firecrackers". Its origin dates back a long time. Regarding the evolution process of firecrackers, "Popular Arrangement Excellence" records: "In ancient times, firecrackers were all made of real bamboo that caught fire and exploded, so Tang poetry is also known as explosive rods. Later generations rolled paper and called them" firecrackers ".".

　　The original purpose of firecrackers was to welcome gods and ward off evil spirits. Later, its strong festive color developed into a symbolic symbol for bidding farewell to the old and welcoming the new. Burning firecrackers can create a festive and lively atmosphere, and is a form of entertainment during festivals that can bring joy and good luck to people.

　　●生旺火Generate a strong fire

　　新年正月十五元宵，在院子里點(diǎn)燃火把，火堆，民間稱為“生旺火”、或“點(diǎn)發(fā)寶柴”�，F(xiàn)代民間生旺火常常是點(diǎn)燃禾桿堆或炮紙堆，火勢(shì)越旺越好，象征燎去舊災(zāi)晦，迎來新氣象。On the 15th day of the first lunar month of the New Year, Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival, people light torches in the yard. The fire is called "Sheng Wang Huo" or "Dian Fa Bao Chai". In modern folk culture, a lively fire is often ignited by a pile of straw or cannon paper. The stronger the fire, the better, symbolizing the elimination of old disasters and the ushering in a new atmosphere.

　　（三）節(jié)期活動(dòng)Festival activities

　　忙年（小年）Busy Year (Small Year)

　　年尾十二月廿三或廿四開始忙年，又稱“小年”。小年并非專指一個(gè)日子，由于各地風(fēng)俗不同，被稱為“小年”的日子也不盡相同。在清朝之前，民間傳統(tǒng)的小年祭灶日是十二月廿四，從清朝中后期開始，帝王家就于十二月廿三舉行祭天大典，為了“節(jié)省開支”，順便把灶王爺也給拜了，上行下效，北方地區(qū)民間百姓相效仿，多在十二月廿三過小年；南方大部分地區(qū)，仍然保持著十二月廿四過小年的傳統(tǒng)。小年是整個(gè)春節(jié)慶祝活動(dòng)的開始和伏筆，其主要活動(dòng)有兩項(xiàng)：掃塵和祭灶。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：祭灶、蒸花饃、買年紅、吃灶糖、掃塵。

　　On the twenty third or twenty fourth day of the twelfth lunar month at the end of the year, a busy year begins, also known as "Xiao Nian". Xiaonian does not refer to a specific day, and due to different customs in different regions, the days known as "Xiaonian" are also different. Before the Qing Dynasty, the traditional folk festival for worshipping the Kitchen God was on the 24th day of the twelfth lunar month. Starting from the mid to late Qing Dynasty, the imperial family held a grand festival on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. In order to save expenses, they also paid homage to the Kitchen God, following the example of the people in the northern regions, often celebrating the Chinese New Year on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month; In most southern regions, the tradition of celebrating the Chinese New Year on December 24th is still maintained. Xiaonian is the beginning and foreshadowing of the entire Spring Festival celebration, with two main activities: sweeping the dust and offering sacrifices to the stove.

　　Traditional customs: offering sacrifices to the stove, steaming steamed buns, buying New Years red wine, eating stove candy, and sweeping away dust.

　　年廿八Year 28

　　年廿八除舊布新，清除舊的年紅，有的地方年廿八開始貼年紅。廣東有一句俗語“年廿八，洗邋遢”，意思是說在農(nóng)歷十二月廿八日這一天全家人要留在家里打掃衛(wèi)生，貼年紅，迎接新年。北方一些地方有年謠云：“臘月二十八，打糕蒸饃貼花花”或“二十八，把面發(fā)”。所謂貼花花，就是張貼年畫、春聯(lián)、窗花和各種春節(jié)張貼之物。

　　On the twenty eighth day of the year, old red envelopes are removed and replaced with new ones. In some places, red envelopes are pasted starting from the twenty eighth day of the year. There is a common saying in Guangdong that goes, "On the twenty eighth day of the twelfth lunar month, wash up the mess." It means that on this day, the whole family should stay at home to clean up, paste New Years red, and welcome the New Year. In some places in the north, there is a new saying: "On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month, rice cake making steamed buns are pasted with flowers" or "On the 28th day, noodles are sent". The so-called flower pasting refers to posting New Year paintings, Spring Festival couplets, window decorations, and various items posted during the Spring Festival.

　　除夕New Years Eve

　　除夕，為歲末的最后一天夜晚。歲末的最后一天稱為“歲除”，意為舊歲至此而除，另換新歲。除，即去除之意；夕，指夜晚。除夕是除舊布新、闔家團(tuán)圓、祭祀祖先的日子。除夕，在國(guó)人心中是具有特殊意義的，這個(gè)年尾最重要的`日子，漂泊再遠(yuǎn)的游子也是要趕著回家去和家人團(tuán)聚，在爆竹聲中辭舊歲，煙花滿天迎新春。除夕，祭祖、吃團(tuán)年飯，年夜飯后有派發(fā)壓歲錢和守歲的習(xí)俗。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：置天地桌、祭祖、燒炮、吃年夜飯、接神、踩祟、接財(cái)神。

　　New Years Eve is the last night of the year. The last day at the end of the year is called "Sui Chu", which means to remove the old year and replace it with a new one. Exclusion means to remove; Xi refers to the night. New Years Eve is a day for New Years Eve, family reunion, and ancestor worship. New Years Eve holds special significance in the hearts of Chinese people. The most important day at the end of the year is when even the farthest wanderers must rush home to reunite with their families, bid farewell to the old year with the sound of firecrackers, and welcome the new year with fireworks. On New Years Eve, it is customary to pay respects to ancestors and have a reunion dinner. After the dinner, there is a tradition of distributing New Years money and observing the New Year.

　　Traditional customs: setting up a heaven and earth table, worshipping ancestors, burning cannons, having New Years Eve dinner, receiving gods, stepping on the earth, and receiving the God of Wealth.

　　正月初一On the first day of the first lunar month

　　從年初一開始便進(jìn)入迎禧接福、拜祭神祖、祈求豐年主題。元日子時(shí)交年時(shí)刻，鞭炮齊響、煙花照天、辭舊歲、迎新年等各種慶賀新春活動(dòng)達(dá)于高潮。炮竹聲中辭舊歲，煙花滿天迎新春。春節(jié)早晨開門大吉，先燒炮竹，叫做“開門炮仗”，送舊迎新。爆竹聲后，碎紅滿地，燦若云錦，稱為“滿堂紅”。正月初一迎新歲，拜歲。早上各家焚香致禮，敬天地、祭列祖，拜歲神。然后依次給尊長(zhǎng)拜年，繼而同族親友互致祝賀。新年初一，人們都早早起來，穿上最漂亮的衣服，打扮得整整齊齊出門，恭祝新年大吉大利。《占書》中說，正月初一是“雞日”。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：開門炮仗、拜歲、祈年、拜年、占?xì)q、聚財(cái)。

　　Starting from the beginning of the new year, we have entered the theme of welcoming jubilees and receiving blessings, paying respects to our ancestors, and praying for a bountiful year. On the New Years Day, various celebration activities such as firecrackers, fireworks, bidding farewell to the old year, and welcoming the new year reach their climax. The sound of firecrackers bid farewell to the old year, and fireworks filled the sky to welcome the new year. On the morning of the Spring Festival, the door opens with good luck. First, set fire to firecrackers, which is called the "opening firecracker" to bid farewell to the old and welcome the new. After the sound of firecrackers, the ground was shattered and red, as bright as clouds and brocade, known as "full of red". On the first day of the first lunar month, welcome the new year and pay respects. In the morning, each family burns incense to pay tribute to heaven and earth, sacrifices to ancestors, and pays homage to the New Year God. Then pay New Years greetings to the elders one by one, and then exchange congratulations with relatives and friends of the same clan. On the first day of the New Year, people wake up early, put on their most beautiful clothes, dress up neatly, and go out, wishing the New Year good luck. According to "Zhan Shu", the first day of the first lunar month is "Chicken Day".

　　Traditional customs: opening the door with firecrackers, paying respects to the New Year, praying for the New Year, paying respects to the New Year, occupying the New Year, and gathering wealth.

　　正月初二On the second day of the first lunar month

　　大年初二是開年日，早上拜祭天地神靈，祭禮完畢，燒炮、燒紙寶，然后吃“開年飯”。這餐“開年飯”一般備發(fā)菜、生菜、魚等，意在取其生財(cái)利路之意。這天出嫁的女兒回娘家，要夫婿同行，所以俗稱“迎婿日”。回娘家的女兒必須攜帶一些禮品和紅包，分給娘家的小孩，并且在娘家吃午飯，但必須在晚飯前趕回婆家�！墩紩�》中說，正月初二是“狗日”。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：拜神，開年飯等。

　　On the second day of the Lunar New Year, it is the New Years Day. In the morning, we pay homage to the gods and gods of heaven and earth. After the ceremony is completed, we burn cannons and paper treasures, and then have a "New Years meal". This "New Years meal" usually includes seaweed, lettuce, fish, etc., with the intention of generating wealth and benefiting the road. On this day, the daughter who got married returned to her mothers house and asked her husband to accompany her, so it is commonly known as "welcoming son-in-law day". The daughter who returns to her mothers house must bring some gifts and red envelopes, distribute them to her children, and have lunch at her mothers house, but must rush back to her husbands house before dinner. In the Book of Documents, it is said that the second day of the first lunar month is "Dog Day".

　　Traditional customs: Worshiping the gods, having New Years meals, etc.

　　正月初三On the third day of the first lunar month

　　大年初三又稱赤狗日，與“赤口”同音，為熛怒之神，是上古五帝（東方青帝靈威仰、南方赤帝赤熛怒、中央黃帝含樞紐、西方白帝白招拒、北方黑帝汁先紀(jì)）之一，即南方之神，司夏天。俗以為是日赤熛怒下兄，遇之則不吉，故此，“小年朝”例應(yīng)祀祖祭神�！俺嗫凇蓖ǔ２粫�(huì)外出拜年，傳說這天容易與人發(fā)生口角爭(zhēng)執(zhí)。古時(shí)在中國(guó)南方民間，大年初三的早上要貼“赤口”（禁口），認(rèn)為這一天里易生口角，不宜拜年。所謂“赤口”，一般是用約長(zhǎng)七八寸、寬一寸的紅紙條，上面寫上一些出入平安吉利的話�？傊�，貼“赤口”，是使人們心理上覺得一年到頭都能出入平安，不與人發(fā)生口角或各種不幸的災(zāi)難，家中多多招財(cái)進(jìn)寶，萬事如意。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：燒門神紙。

　　On the third day of the Lunar New Year, also known as Red Dog Day, it sounds the same as "Chikou" and is known as the God of Fury. It was one of the five ancient emperors (Lingwei Yang of the Eastern Qing Emperor, Red Fury of the Southern Red Emperor, Hanhuo of the Central Yellow Emperor, Ba izhao Refuse of the Western White Emperor, and Juxian of the Northern Black Emperor), that is, the God of the South, who was in charge of summer. It is commonly believed that the younger brother was angered by the suns red sun, and encountering it would be inauspicious. Therefore, the "Xiao Nian Chao" tradition should offer sacrifices to ancestors and gods. "Chikou" usually does not go out to pay New Years greetings, and it is said that this day is prone to arguments and disputes with people. In ancient times, in the folk culture of southern China, on the morning of the third day of the Chinese New Year, it was necessary to stick a "red mouth" (forbidden mouth), believing that it was easy to have arguments on this day and it was not appropriate to pay New Years greetings. The so-called "red mouth" is usually a red paper strip about seven or eight inches long and one inch wide, with some auspicious words written on it. In short, posting "red mouth" is to make people feel psychologically safe to enter and exit throughout the year, without quarrels or various unfortunate disasters with others, and to attract more wealth and treasures at home, and everything goes smoothly.

　　Traditional custom: Burning door god paper.

　　正月初四The fourth day of the first lunar month

　　大年初四是祭財(cái)神的日子，迎神接神�！墩紩�》中，傳說正月初四是女媧造羊的日子，故稱“羊日”，在這一天里，人們不能殺羊，如果天氣好，則意味著這一年里，羊會(huì)養(yǎng)得很好，養(yǎng)羊的人家會(huì)有個(gè)好收成。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：迎神接神，接五路，吃折羅，扔窮。

　　On the fourth day of the Lunar New Year, it is a day to worship the God of Wealth and welcome him. In the Book of Zhan, it is said that the fourth day of the first lunar month is the day when N ü wa made sheep, hence it is called "Sheep Day". On this day, people cannot kill sheep. If the weather is good, it means that the sheep will be well raised in this year, and the sheep farmers will have a good harvest.

　　Traditional customs: welcoming the gods and receiving them, following the five paths, eating Zheluo, and throwing away poverty.

　　正月初五On the fifth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初五，按民間習(xí)俗是五路財(cái)神的生日，因此要迎接財(cái)神進(jìn)家，保佑自家新的一年財(cái)源滾滾、年年有余。同時(shí)自然也是送走“窮”的日子，故有“送窮出門”一說。這一天又俗稱“破五”，意思是之前幾天的諸多禁忌至此就結(jié)束了。破五習(xí)俗除了以上禁忌外，主要是送窮，迎財(cái)神，開市貿(mào)易。北方民間有吃餃子的習(xí)俗，寓意著招財(cái)進(jìn)寶。傳說正月初五是“牛日”。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：祭財(cái)神（南方）、送窮、開市。

　　On the fifth day of the first lunar month, according to folk customs, it is the birthday of the Five Wealth Gods. Therefore, it is necessary to welcome the Wealth Gods into your home and bless your family with abundant wealth and surplus every year. At the same time, it is also a day to bid farewell to poverty, so there is a saying of "sending poverty out". This day, also known as "Po Wu", means that the many taboos of the previous days have come to an end. In addition to the above taboos, the main customs of breaking the Five Customs are to send away the poor, welcome the God of Wealth, and open markets for trade. There is a folk custom of eating dumplings in the north, which symbolizes attracting wealth and treasures. Legend has it that the fifth day of the first lunar month is "Ox Day".

　　Traditional customs: Worshiping the God of Wealth (Southern), sending off the poor, and opening the market.

　　正月初六On the sixth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初六是“馬日”，叫六六大順。這一天，每家每戶要把節(jié)日積存的垃圾扔出去，這叫送窮鬼。大年初六也是啟市日，商店酒樓才正式開張營(yíng)業(yè)，而且要大放鞭炮，不亞于除夕的境況。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：送窮，啟市。

　　The sixth day of the first lunar month is known as the "Horse Day", also known as the Great Shun of the sixth lunar month. On this day, every household has to throw away the garbage accumulated during the holiday, which is called sending the poor away. On the sixth day of the Lunar New Year, which is also the opening day of the market, shops and restaurants officially open for business, and they have to set off firecrackers, no less than the situation on New Years Eve.

　　Traditional customs: Sending off poverty and opening up the market.

　　正月初七On the seventh day of the first lunar month

　　初七是人日，即人的生日，通常不外出拜年�！墩紩�》說，由初一開始，上天創(chuàng)造萬物的次序是“一雞二狗、三豬四羊、五牛六馬、七人八谷”，所以初七就是人日。從漢朝的文獻(xiàn)開始有人日節(jié)俗的文字記載，魏晉后開始重視。古代人日有戴“人勝”的習(xí)俗，人勝是一種頭飾，又叫彩勝、華勝。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：熏天、吃七寶羹、送火神。

　　On the seventh day of the lunar new year, it is the birthday of a person and they usually do not go out to pay New Years greetings. According to the Book of Documents, starting from the first day of the lunar new year, the order in which heaven created all things is "one chicken, two dogs, three pigs, four sheep, five oxen, six horses, seven people, and eight valleys". Therefore, the seventh day of the lunar new year is known as the Human Day. Starting from the literature of the Han Dynasty, there were written records of peoples daily customs, which began to be valued after the Wei and Jin dynasties. In ancient times, there was a custom of wearing "Ren Sheng" on peoples days. Ren Sheng is a type of headwear, also known as Cai Sheng or Hua Sheng.

　　Traditional customs: smoking the sky, eating Seven Treasure Soup, and sending the Fire God.

　　正月初八On the eighth day of the first lunar month

　　年初八是開工日，派發(fā)開工利是，是廣東老板過年后第一天上班首要做的事；利是利是，寓意著一年都能利利是是，大紅大紫。年初八前走親訪友拜年基本完畢，從年初八起民間便陸續(xù)開展敬神、游神、擺宗、舞獅、舞龍、飄色、游燈、做醮、標(biāo)炮、做大戲以及各種文藝表演活動(dòng)。傳說初八是谷子的生日，這天天陰則年歉，天氣晴朗則這一年稻谷豐收。

　　傳統(tǒng)習(xí)俗：順星、游神、做齋頭、放生祈福。

　　On the eighth day of the Lunar New Year, which is the start date, distributing construction benefits is the top priority for Guangdong bosses on their first day of work after the Chinese New Year; Profit is profit, symbolizing the ability to make profits throughout the year, with great success. Before the eighth day of the year, visiting relatives and friends to pay New Years greetings was basically completed. Starting from the eighth day of the year, folk activities such as worshiping gods, wandering gods, setting up schools, lion dances, dragon dances, fluttering colors, lantern dances, making ceremonies, marking cannons, performing grand plays, and various cultural performances have been carried out one after another. Legend has it that the eighth day of the lunar new year is the birthday of the millet. If it is cloudy on this day, the year will be a good one, and if the weather is clear, the year will be a bountiful harvest of rice.

　　Traditional customs: following the stars, wandering gods, making vegetarian offerings, and releasing animals for blessings.

　　正月初九On the ninth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初九是天日，在我國(guó)南方的東南沿海一帶，尤其是閩南地區(qū)，有一個(gè)特別盛行且隆重的民間習(xí)俗，這就是“拜天公”。古人認(rèn)為九是最大的陽數(shù)，古人以天為陽，以地為陰，所以用“九”來代表天。許多地區(qū)的人們?cè)谶@一天都要望空叩拜，舉行最隆重的祭祀儀式。以三牲、水果拜祭玉皇大帝的生日，求天公賜福，希望來年風(fēng)調(diào)雨順，有好收成。在各地祭拜天公習(xí)俗中，以福建閩南地區(qū)最為隆重。

　　The ninth day of the first lunar month is the day of heaven. In the southeastern coastal areas of southern China, especially in the southern Fujian region, there is a particularly popular and solemn folk custom, which is "worshipping the Heavenly God". The ancients believed that nine was the largest number of yang, and they regarded heaven as yang and earth as yin, so they used "nine" to represent heaven. On this day, people in many regions worship and hold the most solemn sacrificial ceremonies. Offering sacrifices of three animals and fruits to the birthday of the Jade Emperor, praying for blessings from the heavens and hoping for a good harvest in the coming year. Among the customs of worshipping the Heavenly God in various regions, the southern Fujian region is the most solemn.

　　正月初十On the tenth day of the first lunar month

　　正月初十，南方部分地區(qū)有開燈的習(xí)俗，設(shè)開燈酒宴。河南風(fēng)俗這一日家家向石頭焚香致敬，認(rèn)為“十”，諧音“石”，因此初十為石頭生日，這天凡磨、碾等石制工具都不能動(dòng)，甚至設(shè)祭享祀石頭，恐傷莊稼。也稱“石不動(dòng)”“十不動(dòng)”；午餐必食饃餅，認(rèn)為吃餅一年之內(nèi)便會(huì)財(cái)運(yùn)亨通。在山東鄆城等地有抬石頭神之舉。On the tenth day of the first lunar month, there is a custom in some southern regions to turn on lights and hold a banquet with lights on. On this day, every family in Henan pays tribute to stones by burning incense, believing that "ten" sounds like "stone". Therefore, on the tenth day of the lunar new year, it is the birthday of stones. On this day, all stone tools such as grinding and grinding cannot be moved, and even offering sacrifices to stones may harm crops. Also known as "stone not moving" or "ten not moving"; I must eat bread for lunch, and I believe that eating bread will bring good financial luck within a year. In places such as Yuncheng in Shandong, there are acts of lifting stone gods.

　　正月十一January 11th

　　正月十一“子婿日”，此日是岳父宴請(qǐng)子婿的日子。初九慶�！疤旃�生”剩下的食物，除了在初十吃了一天外，還剩下很多，所以娘家不必再破費(fèi)，就利用這些剩下的美食招待女婿及女兒，民歌稱為“十一請(qǐng)子婿”。On the eleventh day of the first lunar month, it is the day when the father-in-law invites his son-in-law to a banquet. On the ninth day of the lunar new year, the leftover food for celebrating the birth of the Heavenly God was not only eaten all day on the tenth day, but also left a lot. Therefore, the family did not need to spend any more money and used these leftover delicacies to entertain their son-in-law and daughter. The folk song is called "Eleven Inviting Son-in-law".

　　正月十二January 12th

　　正月十二，搭燈棚，花燈酒會(huì)，做齋頭，做醮，標(biāo)炮等。從即日起人們開始準(zhǔn)備慶祝元宵佳節(jié)，選購(gòu)燈籠，搭蓋燈棚，做醮，標(biāo)炮。有童謠云：“十一嚷喳喳，十二搭燈棚，十三人開燈，十四燈正明，十五行月半，十六人完燈。”O(jiān)n the twelfth day of the first lunar month, we set up lantern sheds, hold flower lantern banquets, make vegetarian offerings, perform rituals, and mark cannons. From now on, people begin to prepare to celebrate the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival), buy lanterns, build lamphouses, do ceremonies, and mark cannons. There is a nursery rhyme that goes: "Eleven shouts and chatters, twelve sets up lampshades, thirteen people turn on the lights, fourteen lights are bright, fifteen lines of moon and a half, sixteen people finish the lights."

　　正月十三、十四January 13th and 14th

　　正月十三、十四，舞獅、飄色、游神、逛廟會(huì)。有傳說正月十三是“燈頭生日”，民間在這一天要在廚灶下點(diǎn)燈，稱為“點(diǎn)灶燈”。

　　On the 13th and 14th of the first lunar month, lion dance, floating colors, wandering gods, and visiting temple fairs. There is a legend that the 13th day of the first lunar month is the "Lantern Birthday", and people light lamps under the kitchen stove on this day, known as "lighting stove lamps".

　　正月十五（元宵節(jié)）The 15th day of the first month (Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival))

　　正月十五，習(xí)俗活動(dòng)主要有賞燈、游燈、押舟、燒炮、燒煙花、采青、鬧元宵等。元宵節(jié)的節(jié)俗非常有特色，節(jié)期與節(jié)俗活動(dòng)，也隨歷史的發(fā)展而延長(zhǎng)擴(kuò)展。元宵節(jié)習(xí)俗自古以來就以熱鬧喜慶的觀燈習(xí)俗為主。每到正月，自貢燈會(huì)就成為南方最上相、最具有想象力的“跨年活動(dòng)”。這一習(xí)俗起源于唐宋時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)的人們?nèi)紵�、賞燈，是過年時(shí)重要的節(jié)俗。

　　On the 15th day of the first lunar month, the custom activities mainly include appreciating lanterns, touring lanterns, holding boats, burning guns, burning fireworks, picking green flowers, and making Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival). The festival customs of the Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) Festival are very distinctive. The festival period and festival customs activities also extend with the development of history. Since ancient times, the custom of Yuanxiao (Filled round balls made of glutinous rice-flour for Lantern Festival) has been dominated by lively and festive lantern watching. Every January, the Zigong Lantern Festival becomes the most popular and imaginative New Years Eve event in the south. This custom originated in the Tang and Song dynasties, when people lit and enjoyed lanterns, which were important customs during the Chinese New Year.

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